2023
|
Lan, Ping; Guo, Li; Sun, Hailong; Zhang, Yaling; Jiang, Yanjia Modeling stream baseflow nitrate concentration in an agricultural watershed using neural network and bootstrap method Journal Article In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 156, pp. 111097, 2023, ISSN: 1470-160X. @article{LAN2023111097,
title = {Modeling stream baseflow nitrate concentration in an agricultural watershed using neural network and bootstrap method},
author = {Ping Lan and Li Guo and Hailong Sun and Yaling Zhang and Yanjia Jiang},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23012396},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111097},
issn = {1470-160X},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {156},
pages = {111097},
abstract = {The evaluation of water resource vulnerability to nonpoint source pollution in the presence of uncertainty remains a crucial concern. To enhance the accuracy of the assessment and pinpoint the key factors that affect watershed water quality, the integration of an artificial neural network (ANN) into the evaluation process is imperative. The research involved the collection of streams baseflow samples from thirty-eight sites between 1994 and 1999 in the Tomorrow-Waupaca River Watershed in central Wisconsin, USA, with a focus on examining the relationship between nitrate concentrations and a range of environmental and land use variables extracted from the watershed GIS database. This study utilized ANN methodology, combined with a bootstrap technique that employed a random resampling approach from a single input dataset, to simulate monthly stream baseflow nitrate concentrations. The effectiveness and predictive ability of the ANN model were assessed by comparing it to conventional multivariate regression methods. Through the use of ANN, more precise outcomes can be achieved while taking into account the uncertainty associated with the analysis. The findings demonstrated that the ANN outperformed both the multivariate linear regression and nonlinear quadratic response surface models in explaining the variance of stream nitrate and in external prediction consistency. This study also highlighted several key variables, such as the areal percentage of agricultural land and grassland, stream order, and the average slope of the groundwater flow path, that significantly impacted the stream baseflow nitrate concentrations in this watershed that was dominated by dairy farming and groundwater. Of these variables, the percentage of agricultural land emerged as the most significant factor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The evaluation of water resource vulnerability to nonpoint source pollution in the presence of uncertainty remains a crucial concern. To enhance the accuracy of the assessment and pinpoint the key factors that affect watershed water quality, the integration of an artificial neural network (ANN) into the evaluation process is imperative. The research involved the collection of streams baseflow samples from thirty-eight sites between 1994 and 1999 in the Tomorrow-Waupaca River Watershed in central Wisconsin, USA, with a focus on examining the relationship between nitrate concentrations and a range of environmental and land use variables extracted from the watershed GIS database. This study utilized ANN methodology, combined with a bootstrap technique that employed a random resampling approach from a single input dataset, to simulate monthly stream baseflow nitrate concentrations. The effectiveness and predictive ability of the ANN model were assessed by comparing it to conventional multivariate regression methods. Through the use of ANN, more precise outcomes can be achieved while taking into account the uncertainty associated with the analysis. The findings demonstrated that the ANN outperformed both the multivariate linear regression and nonlinear quadratic response surface models in explaining the variance of stream nitrate and in external prediction consistency. This study also highlighted several key variables, such as the areal percentage of agricultural land and grassland, stream order, and the average slope of the groundwater flow path, that significantly impacted the stream baseflow nitrate concentrations in this watershed that was dominated by dairy farming and groundwater. Of these variables, the percentage of agricultural land emerged as the most significant factor. |
Al-Harahsheh, Adnan; Al-Tarawneh, Amjad; Al-Ma'abreh, Alaa; Ramadeen, Sadam; El-Hasan, Tayel; Al-Alawi, Mutaz M. Assessing of drinking water quality in Al-karak province in central Jordan; based on water saturation indices Journal Article In: Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. e18862, 2023, ISSN: 2405-8440. @article{ALHARAHSHEH2023e18862,
title = {Assessing of drinking water quality in Al-karak province in central Jordan; based on water saturation indices},
author = {Adnan Al-Harahsheh and Amjad Al-Tarawneh and Alaa Al-Ma'abreh and Sadam Ramadeen and Tayel El-Hasan and Mutaz M. Al-Alawi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402306070X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18862},
issn = {2405-8440},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {e18862},
abstract = {Jordan is renowned for having limited water resources. The demand for water will increasing rapidly as the country's population grows and the number of refugees increases. In order to maintain the highest water quality for consumers, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and other governmental agencies are striving to manage Jordan's water resources through continuous monitoring. The main objective was to evaluate the drinking water quality at storage mixing tanks at Al-Karak province, besides, assessing its suitability for safe consumption. The investigation scheme was to monitor Al-Karak's drinking water system for three successive months. The fourteen principal storage tanks for the water distribution system in the area of investigation were sampled. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, major anions, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), and heavy metals were measured. The scaling and originality of the dissolved salt elements in the collected water samples and geochemical processes were examined using Piper and Durov diagrams. The indices used in all samples over the period of investigation, are Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Aggressive Index (AI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and Water Quality Index (WQI). The results showed that scale development is high in all storage tanks, as the water is calcium carbonate supersaturated, evident from LSI values that ranges 0.5\textendash2. According to the range of RSI values (5.91\textendash6.6), all water tanks are resistant to corrosion. Throughout the period of study (October\textendashDecember), the estimated WQIs of all samples upon average were found to be less than 50, indicating excellent water quality. Finally, the collected water samples are analyzed and found to be within the acceptable levels of Jordan's drinking water standards.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jordan is renowned for having limited water resources. The demand for water will increasing rapidly as the country's population grows and the number of refugees increases. In order to maintain the highest water quality for consumers, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and other governmental agencies are striving to manage Jordan's water resources through continuous monitoring. The main objective was to evaluate the drinking water quality at storage mixing tanks at Al-Karak province, besides, assessing its suitability for safe consumption. The investigation scheme was to monitor Al-Karak's drinking water system for three successive months. The fourteen principal storage tanks for the water distribution system in the area of investigation were sampled. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, major anions, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), and heavy metals were measured. The scaling and originality of the dissolved salt elements in the collected water samples and geochemical processes were examined using Piper and Durov diagrams. The indices used in all samples over the period of investigation, are Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Aggressive Index (AI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and Water Quality Index (WQI). The results showed that scale development is high in all storage tanks, as the water is calcium carbonate supersaturated, evident from LSI values that ranges 0.5–2. According to the range of RSI values (5.91–6.6), all water tanks are resistant to corrosion. Throughout the period of study (October–December), the estimated WQIs of all samples upon average were found to be less than 50, indicating excellent water quality. Finally, the collected water samples are analyzed and found to be within the acceptable levels of Jordan's drinking water standards. |
2022
|
Richa, Amina; Touil, Sami; Fizir, Meriem Recent advances in the source identification and remediation techniques of nitrate contaminated groundwater: A review Journal Article In: Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 316, pp. 115265, 2022, ISSN: 0301-4797. @article{RICHA2022115265,
title = {Recent advances in the source identification and remediation techniques of nitrate contaminated groundwater: A review},
author = {Amina Richa and Sami Touil and Meriem Fizir},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722008386},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115265},
issn = {0301-4797},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
volume = {316},
pages = {115265},
abstract = {Researchers have long been committed to identify nitrate sources in groundwater and to develop an advanced technique for its remediation because better apply remediation solution and management of water quality is highly dependent on the identification of the NO3− sources contamination in water. In this review, we systematically introduce nitrate source tracking tools used over the past ten years including dual isotope and multi isotope techniques, water chemistry profile, Bayesian mixing model, microbial tracers and land use/cover data. These techniques can be combined and exploited to track the source of NO3− as mineral or organic fertilizer, sewage, or atmospheric deposition. These available data have significant implications for making an appropriate measures and decisions by water managers. A continuous remediation strategy of groundwater was among the main management strategies that need to be applied in the contaminated area. Nitrate removal from groundwater can be accomplished using either separation or reduction based process. The application of these processes to nitrate removal is discussed in this review and some novel methods were presented for the first time. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically summarized and based on our own understanding of the subject some solutions to overcomes their drawbacks are recommended. Advanced techniques are capable to attain significantly higher nitrate and other co-contaminants removal from groundwater. However, the challenges of by-products generation and high energy consumption need to be addressed in implementing these technologies for groundwater remediation for potable use.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Researchers have long been committed to identify nitrate sources in groundwater and to develop an advanced technique for its remediation because better apply remediation solution and management of water quality is highly dependent on the identification of the NO3− sources contamination in water. In this review, we systematically introduce nitrate source tracking tools used over the past ten years including dual isotope and multi isotope techniques, water chemistry profile, Bayesian mixing model, microbial tracers and land use/cover data. These techniques can be combined and exploited to track the source of NO3− as mineral or organic fertilizer, sewage, or atmospheric deposition. These available data have significant implications for making an appropriate measures and decisions by water managers. A continuous remediation strategy of groundwater was among the main management strategies that need to be applied in the contaminated area. Nitrate removal from groundwater can be accomplished using either separation or reduction based process. The application of these processes to nitrate removal is discussed in this review and some novel methods were presented for the first time. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically summarized and based on our own understanding of the subject some solutions to overcomes their drawbacks are recommended. Advanced techniques are capable to attain significantly higher nitrate and other co-contaminants removal from groundwater. However, the challenges of by-products generation and high energy consumption need to be addressed in implementing these technologies for groundwater remediation for potable use. |
Cauwels, Peter; Sornette, Didier Are ‘flow of ideas’ and ‘research productivity’ in secular decline? Journal Article In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 174, pp. 121267, 2022, ISSN: 0040-1625. @article{cauwels_are_2022,
title = {Are ‘flow of ideas’ and ‘research productivity’ in secular decline?},
author = {Peter Cauwels and Didier Sornette},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162521007010},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121267},
issn = {0040-1625},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
volume = {174},
pages = {121267},
abstract = {It is widely held true that fundamental scientific knowledge has been accelerating exponentially over the past centuries and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Moreover, endogenous growth theory postulates that this exponential accumulation of knowledge is the main source of the ubiquitous exponential economic growth. We test these claims by constructing two new series of knowledge indices, one representing the historical evolution of the Flow of Ideas, the other one giving a measure of Research Productivity, by combining Krebs (2008)s’ Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles and Asimov (1989)’s Chronology of Science and Discovery. Three different geographical regions are covered: 1) Continental Europe, 2) the United Kingdom, and 3) the United States; and two disciplines: a) the physical sciences, and b) the life sciences. Starting in 1750, our indices reveal waves coinciding with the three industrial and technological revolutions, in particular in the United Kingdom. Our main result is that scientific knowledge has been in clear decline since the early 1970s for the Flow of Ideas and since the early 1950s for the Research Productivity, in the geographical regions and scientific disciplines covered by the indices. The decline is observed until the end of the dataset constructed by combining both Krebs’ encyclopaedia and Asimov's Chronology, that is 1988. Using only Krebs (2008)s’ Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles, valid until 2007, the decline is further confirmed for the Research Productivity until 2007. Given the strong downward trends that we document up to 1988 for the combined dataset and which is also prominent in the Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles until 2007, there is no visible sign of an inflection that would signal the initiation of a reversal. Overall, our results support the Kuhnian theory of knowledge creation through scientific revolutions, punctuation and paradigm shifts and falsify the gradualism that lies at the basis of the currently prevailing economic paradigm of endogenous growth.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is widely held true that fundamental scientific knowledge has been accelerating exponentially over the past centuries and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Moreover, endogenous growth theory postulates that this exponential accumulation of knowledge is the main source of the ubiquitous exponential economic growth. We test these claims by constructing two new series of knowledge indices, one representing the historical evolution of the Flow of Ideas, the other one giving a measure of Research Productivity, by combining Krebs (2008)s’ Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles and Asimov (1989)’s Chronology of Science and Discovery. Three different geographical regions are covered: 1) Continental Europe, 2) the United Kingdom, and 3) the United States; and two disciplines: a) the physical sciences, and b) the life sciences. Starting in 1750, our indices reveal waves coinciding with the three industrial and technological revolutions, in particular in the United Kingdom. Our main result is that scientific knowledge has been in clear decline since the early 1970s for the Flow of Ideas and since the early 1950s for the Research Productivity, in the geographical regions and scientific disciplines covered by the indices. The decline is observed until the end of the dataset constructed by combining both Krebs’ encyclopaedia and Asimov's Chronology, that is 1988. Using only Krebs (2008)s’ Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles, valid until 2007, the decline is further confirmed for the Research Productivity until 2007. Given the strong downward trends that we document up to 1988 for the combined dataset and which is also prominent in the Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles until 2007, there is no visible sign of an inflection that would signal the initiation of a reversal. Overall, our results support the Kuhnian theory of knowledge creation through scientific revolutions, punctuation and paradigm shifts and falsify the gradualism that lies at the basis of the currently prevailing economic paradigm of endogenous growth. |
2021
|
Huffer, Damien Human and faunal stable and radiogenic isotope data from four Bahraini and three Jordanian assemblages c. 5300 B.C. to 1500 AD Journal Article In: Data in Brief, vol. 39, pp. 107601, 2021, ISSN: 2352-3409. @article{HUFFER2021107601,
title = {Human and faunal stable and radiogenic isotope data from four Bahraini and three Jordanian assemblages c. 5300 B.C. to 1500 AD},
author = {Damien Huffer},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340921008763},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107601},
issn = {2352-3409},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Data in Brief},
volume = {39},
pages = {107601},
abstract = {This dataset presents carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (carbonates and phosphates) and strontium data from human and faunal remains from that portion of seven assemblages from Jordan and Bahrain currently curated at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Human remains from Bahraini assemblages include the Middle Islamic Period (c. 1,400-1,500 AD) cemetery associated with the Qal'at al-Bahrain fort (n=49) and the Early Dilmun City IIa-c Period (c. 2,350-1,800 BC) assemblages of Saar (n=31), Buri North (n=41) and Buri South (n=17). The Saar assemblage, at the time of sampling at the Smithsonian Institution, also included individuals recovered from isolated tombs outside the Saar mound field, with distinct alphanumeric or name designations. The Buri assemblage (also known as Hamad Town) also contained one individual labeled BE (Buri East). Assemblages from Jordan include Early Bronze Age IB (c. 3,550-3,150 BC) Bab edh Dhra (91 individuals selected of a total MNI of 274), the Iron Age IA (c. 1,250-1,100 BC) commingled cave burial assemblage from the Ba'Qa Valley (n=63), and the Late Roman (c. 200-300 AD) assemblage from Zabayir Zahir edh-Diyab, also known as the Queen Alia International Airport assemblage (n=69). Not all individuals from whom a bone sample was taken had a suitable tooth to sample as well. A cumulative total of 13 faunal samples (bone and teeth; cattle and sheep) were also obtained from the Bahraini assemblages, all but two from the Bronze Age assemblages. Results in general are consistent with those from other assemblages from both locations regardless of time period, but they also complement and expand what is known about long-distance migration and dietary diversity and resilience across time within marginal desert environments (e.g., [11]; [16]; [7,8]).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This dataset presents carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (carbonates and phosphates) and strontium data from human and faunal remains from that portion of seven assemblages from Jordan and Bahrain currently curated at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Human remains from Bahraini assemblages include the Middle Islamic Period (c. 1,400-1,500 AD) cemetery associated with the Qal'at al-Bahrain fort (n=49) and the Early Dilmun City IIa-c Period (c. 2,350-1,800 BC) assemblages of Saar (n=31), Buri North (n=41) and Buri South (n=17). The Saar assemblage, at the time of sampling at the Smithsonian Institution, also included individuals recovered from isolated tombs outside the Saar mound field, with distinct alphanumeric or name designations. The Buri assemblage (also known as Hamad Town) also contained one individual labeled BE (Buri East). Assemblages from Jordan include Early Bronze Age IB (c. 3,550-3,150 BC) Bab edh Dhra (91 individuals selected of a total MNI of 274), the Iron Age IA (c. 1,250-1,100 BC) commingled cave burial assemblage from the Ba'Qa Valley (n=63), and the Late Roman (c. 200-300 AD) assemblage from Zabayir Zahir edh-Diyab, also known as the Queen Alia International Airport assemblage (n=69). Not all individuals from whom a bone sample was taken had a suitable tooth to sample as well. A cumulative total of 13 faunal samples (bone and teeth; cattle and sheep) were also obtained from the Bahraini assemblages, all but two from the Bronze Age assemblages. Results in general are consistent with those from other assemblages from both locations regardless of time period, but they also complement and expand what is known about long-distance migration and dietary diversity and resilience across time within marginal desert environments (e.g., [11]; [16]; [7,8]). |
Obeidat, Mutawakil; Awawdeh, Muheeb; Matiatos, Ioannis; Al-Ajlouni, Ahmad; Al-Mughaid, Hussein Identification and apportionment of nitrate sources in the phreatic aquifers in Northern Jordan using a dual isotope method (δ15N and δ18O of NO3-) Journal Article In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, vol. 12, pp. 100505, 2021, ISSN: 2352-801X. @article{OBEIDAT2021100505,
title = {Identification and apportionment of nitrate sources in the phreatic aquifers in Northern Jordan using a dual isotope method (δ15N and δ18O of NO3-)},
author = {Mutawakil Obeidat and Muheeb Awawdeh and Ioannis Matiatos and Ahmad Al-Ajlouni and Hussein Al-Mughaid},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X19303303},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100505},
issn = {2352-801X},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Groundwater for Sustainable Development},
volume = {12},
pages = {100505},
abstract = {Contamination of groundwater resources from nitrates is a worldwide problem, and Jordan is not an exception. Source identification of contamination is a prerequisite for the protection of water resources and human health. Moreover, investigating the controlling processes of groundwater quality is essential for groundwater sustainability, especially in water-poor countries like Jordan. Environmental isotopes of nitrate (15N and 18O of NO3-) have been applied for the first time in Jordan to assess the origin and cycling of nitrogen pollution in two phreatic aquifer systems: Shallala aquifer (B5/B4) and Amman/Wadi Sir aquifer (B2/A7), hosted in multiple land use area in northern Jordan. The nitrate concentration exceeded the natural background (5\textendash10 mg/L) in all samples, ranging from 14 to 251 mg/l as NO3- in both groundwater systems. About 46% of the samples showed NO3- concentration exceeding the WHO threshold of 50 mg/l in drinking water. Isotope values of nitrate (15N and 18O of NO3-) indicated that manure, urban wastewaters, and nitrified synthetic fertilizers were the main sources of nitrate in the groundwater resources in the study area. SIAR (Stable Isotope Analysis in R) model showed that synthetic fertilizers contributed least to nitrate in groundwater in the study area (average = 3.3%). Nitrified synthetic fertilizers contribution was higher in the B2/A7 aquifer (61%) than in B5/B4 aquifer (49%), whereas anthropogenic organic matter contribution in the B5/B4 (46%) is higher than in the B2/A7 aquifer (36%). Anthropogenic organic matter contribution in the B5/B4 aquifer varied from 20% in the west to 85% in east. Nitrified synthetic fertilizers contribution varied from 10% in the east to 74% in the west. Sustainable management of groundwater resources in the study area necessitates application of best management practices and proper land use planning.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Contamination of groundwater resources from nitrates is a worldwide problem, and Jordan is not an exception. Source identification of contamination is a prerequisite for the protection of water resources and human health. Moreover, investigating the controlling processes of groundwater quality is essential for groundwater sustainability, especially in water-poor countries like Jordan. Environmental isotopes of nitrate (15N and 18O of NO3-) have been applied for the first time in Jordan to assess the origin and cycling of nitrogen pollution in two phreatic aquifer systems: Shallala aquifer (B5/B4) and Amman/Wadi Sir aquifer (B2/A7), hosted in multiple land use area in northern Jordan. The nitrate concentration exceeded the natural background (5–10 mg/L) in all samples, ranging from 14 to 251 mg/l as NO3- in both groundwater systems. About 46% of the samples showed NO3- concentration exceeding the WHO threshold of 50 mg/l in drinking water. Isotope values of nitrate (15N and 18O of NO3-) indicated that manure, urban wastewaters, and nitrified synthetic fertilizers were the main sources of nitrate in the groundwater resources in the study area. SIAR (Stable Isotope Analysis in R) model showed that synthetic fertilizers contributed least to nitrate in groundwater in the study area (average = 3.3%). Nitrified synthetic fertilizers contribution was higher in the B2/A7 aquifer (61%) than in B5/B4 aquifer (49%), whereas anthropogenic organic matter contribution in the B5/B4 (46%) is higher than in the B2/A7 aquifer (36%). Anthropogenic organic matter contribution in the B5/B4 aquifer varied from 20% in the west to 85% in east. Nitrified synthetic fertilizers contribution varied from 10% in the east to 74% in the west. Sustainable management of groundwater resources in the study area necessitates application of best management practices and proper land use planning. |
Bonaccorsi, Andrea; Belingheri, Paola; Secondi, Luca The research productivity of universities. A multilevel and multidisciplinary analysis on European institutions Journal Article In: Journal of Informetrics, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 101129, 2021, ISSN: 1751-1577. @article{bonaccorsi_research_2021,
title = {The research productivity of universities. A multilevel and multidisciplinary analysis on European institutions},
author = {Andrea Bonaccorsi and Paola Belingheri and Luca Secondi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751157720306465},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2020.101129},
issn = {1751-1577},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Informetrics},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {101129},
abstract = {The paper makes use of a novel dataset at European level which includes data on academic staff and students of universities from official National Statistical Authorities, bibliometric indicators on publications, and socio-economic indicators at regional level. The dataset covers all European countries. The unit of analysis is a combination between teaching activities at the level of Field of Education and publications classified by Field of Science, resulting in five major integrated areas of STEM (Science; Engineering; Computer Science; Agriculture; Medicine). Using a multilevel modeling framework and comparing results across disciplinary areas the paper finds strong support for peer effects at institutional level and for the positive effect of international collaborations and attraction of foreign PhD students. It does not find support for economies of scale in research, institutional age, specialization effects and private vs private governance. The external regional environment has an impact on research productivity only in applied disciplines.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper makes use of a novel dataset at European level which includes data on academic staff and students of universities from official National Statistical Authorities, bibliometric indicators on publications, and socio-economic indicators at regional level. The dataset covers all European countries. The unit of analysis is a combination between teaching activities at the level of Field of Education and publications classified by Field of Science, resulting in five major integrated areas of STEM (Science; Engineering; Computer Science; Agriculture; Medicine). Using a multilevel modeling framework and comparing results across disciplinary areas the paper finds strong support for peer effects at institutional level and for the positive effect of international collaborations and attraction of foreign PhD students. It does not find support for economies of scale in research, institutional age, specialization effects and private vs private governance. The external regional environment has an impact on research productivity only in applied disciplines. |
Nguyen, Nguyen Danh; Nguyen, Tue Dang; Dao, Kien Trung Effects of institutional policies and characteristics on research productivity at Vietnam science and technology universities Journal Article In: Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. e06024, 2021, ISSN: 2405-8440. @article{nguyen_effects_2021,
title = {Effects of institutional policies and characteristics on research productivity at Vietnam science and technology universities},
author = {Nguyen Danh Nguyen and Tue Dang Nguyen and Kien Trung Dao},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021001298},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06024},
issn = {2405-8440},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {e06024},
abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the impact of institutional research promoting policies and organizational characteristics on research productivity in Vietnam universities. The authors employed a dataset surveying faculty staff from 115 universities across the country and used multivariate data analysis to analyse data and test hypotheses. It was found that institutional characteristics such as size, time in operation and advantageous location were positively associated with research productivity. Specifically, universities located in the big cities with longer time in operation and larger size had higher level of international publication. Institutional policies such as management and infrastructure had a positive impact on research productivity while human resource policies had a positive impact on faculty research outcomes. The study also provided some suggestions to promote research productivity of Vietnam universities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of institutional research promoting policies and organizational characteristics on research productivity in Vietnam universities. The authors employed a dataset surveying faculty staff from 115 universities across the country and used multivariate data analysis to analyse data and test hypotheses. It was found that institutional characteristics such as size, time in operation and advantageous location were positively associated with research productivity. Specifically, universities located in the big cities with longer time in operation and larger size had higher level of international publication. Institutional policies such as management and infrastructure had a positive impact on research productivity while human resource policies had a positive impact on faculty research outcomes. The study also provided some suggestions to promote research productivity of Vietnam universities. |
Hdoush, Abd Al-Azeez Water requirements for irrigated crops in semi-arid region in Jordan using sentinel satellite images Journal Article In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol. 122, pp. 102949, 2021, ISSN: 1474-7065. @article{al-azeez_hdoush_water_2021,
title = {Water requirements for irrigated crops in semi-arid region in Jordan using sentinel satellite images},
author = {Abd Al-Azeez Hdoush},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706520303946},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2020.102949},
issn = {1474-7065},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C},
volume = {122},
pages = {102949},
abstract = {The agricultural sector consumes most of the groundwater in Jordan, and Mujib basin is one of the most important available ground basins. Unsupervised classification has been applied on multitemporal satellite image for an arid region such as Mujib basin in order to identify the types of irrigated agricultural crops present in it, where it consisted of vegetables, field crops and fruit trees. Then find the reference evapotranspiration values and estimate crop coefficient values for each crop to calculate the water requirements of irrigated crops in order to find the quantities of water consumption in the basin which amounted to 29.7 million cubic meters. Where area of irrigated crops reached about 59 km2, which represents 1% of the total basin area and its concentrated in the northern and eastern regions, while rainfed agricultural activity was found in the western part of the basin. Vegetables are consumed high quantities of water, especially summer ones. Where this water is invaluable, and its importance will increase greatly soon as a result of high evaporation rates and scarcity of water resources in the region besides presence the political conflicts on these water resources. The classification of lands using multitemporal images from Sentinel satellite led to obtain more accurate results about the irrigated agricultural crops in terms of cultivation dates, duration, harvest time, monitoring the crop, determining its type and calculating its area.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The agricultural sector consumes most of the groundwater in Jordan, and Mujib basin is one of the most important available ground basins. Unsupervised classification has been applied on multitemporal satellite image for an arid region such as Mujib basin in order to identify the types of irrigated agricultural crops present in it, where it consisted of vegetables, field crops and fruit trees. Then find the reference evapotranspiration values and estimate crop coefficient values for each crop to calculate the water requirements of irrigated crops in order to find the quantities of water consumption in the basin which amounted to 29.7 million cubic meters. Where area of irrigated crops reached about 59 km2, which represents 1% of the total basin area and its concentrated in the northern and eastern regions, while rainfed agricultural activity was found in the western part of the basin. Vegetables are consumed high quantities of water, especially summer ones. Where this water is invaluable, and its importance will increase greatly soon as a result of high evaporation rates and scarcity of water resources in the region besides presence the political conflicts on these water resources. The classification of lands using multitemporal images from Sentinel satellite led to obtain more accurate results about the irrigated agricultural crops in terms of cultivation dates, duration, harvest time, monitoring the crop, determining its type and calculating its area. |
Chenoweth, Jonathan; Al-Masri, Raya A The impact of adopting a water-energy nexus approach in Jordan on transboundary management Journal Article In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 118, pp. 49–55, 2021, ISSN: 1462-9011. @article{chenoweth_impact_2021,
title = {The impact of adopting a water-energy nexus approach in Jordan on transboundary management},
author = {Jonathan Chenoweth and Raya A Al-Masri},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901121000265},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.01.006},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
volume = {118},
pages = {49\textendash55},
abstract = {There is growing coordination and cooperation between the water and energy sectors in Jordan. However, a water-energy nexus approach is seen as a useful management tool by the water sector more than it is by the energy sector. Strong political leadership will be required for a far-reaching adoption of the nexus approach. Increasing policy connections between Jordan’s water and energy sectors will lead to improved technical decision-making but major resource allocation decisions at the national level remain inherently political, regardless of how government departments and authorities are structured. Adopting a water-energy nexus approach in Jordan increases the potential for transboundary nexus cooperation with Israel and Palestine to exploit the potential of solar electricity production in Jordan and desalinated water production in Israel. Transboundary nexus co-operation in the medium term is desirable and even likely, but only to the extent that a break down in cooperation would not threaten the security of either country. Security concerns mean that such cooperation is likely to be limited in scale initially but via a nexus approach could build overtime to form a minority of water or energy supplies, occurring in parallel to other water and energy supply augmentation schemes. The case study of Jordan shows that adopting a water-energy nexus approach can assist in ensuring water and energy management occurs more on the basis of technical and economic criteria, however, major water and energy decisions remain political in nature and thus politics will continue to exert significant influence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There is growing coordination and cooperation between the water and energy sectors in Jordan. However, a water-energy nexus approach is seen as a useful management tool by the water sector more than it is by the energy sector. Strong political leadership will be required for a far-reaching adoption of the nexus approach. Increasing policy connections between Jordan’s water and energy sectors will lead to improved technical decision-making but major resource allocation decisions at the national level remain inherently political, regardless of how government departments and authorities are structured. Adopting a water-energy nexus approach in Jordan increases the potential for transboundary nexus cooperation with Israel and Palestine to exploit the potential of solar electricity production in Jordan and desalinated water production in Israel. Transboundary nexus co-operation in the medium term is desirable and even likely, but only to the extent that a break down in cooperation would not threaten the security of either country. Security concerns mean that such cooperation is likely to be limited in scale initially but via a nexus approach could build overtime to form a minority of water or energy supplies, occurring in parallel to other water and energy supply augmentation schemes. The case study of Jordan shows that adopting a water-energy nexus approach can assist in ensuring water and energy management occurs more on the basis of technical and economic criteria, however, major water and energy decisions remain political in nature and thus politics will continue to exert significant influence. |
Strohmeier, S; Fukai, S; Haddad, M; AlNsour, M; Mudabber, M; Akimoto, K; Yamamoto, S; Evett, S; Oweis, T Rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in Jordan: The effects of mechanized micro water harvesting on hill-slope scale soil water and vegetation dynamics Journal Article In: Journal of Arid Environments, vol. 185, pp. 104338, 2021, ISSN: 0140-1963. @article{strohmeier_rehabilitation_2021,
title = {Rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in Jordan: The effects of mechanized micro water harvesting on hill-slope scale soil water and vegetation dynamics},
author = {S Strohmeier and S Fukai and M Haddad and M AlNsour and M Mudabber and K Akimoto and S Yamamoto and S Evett and T Oweis},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196320302378},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104338},
issn = {0140-1963},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Arid Environments},
volume = {185},
pages = {104338},
abstract = {Overexploitation and climate change accelerate the degradation of Jordan's arid rangelands. Uncovered and crusted soils increase runoff and erosion and hinder the emergence of the native vegetation. Micro water harvesting combined with shrub-seedling plantation have been widely applied to reverse land degradation trends. However, consequential soil water and vegetation dynamics have been rarely assessed, which constrains further out-scaling of the rehabilitation practice to complex environments. In Jordan, an experiment was set up to study the linkages between local rainfall characteristics, soil moisture and the development of out-planted shrub-seedlings. Soil moisture was recorded at approximately weekly time-interval during the rainy and dry season 2017/2018 using a manually operated soil water sensor. Transect monitoring was pursued up and down the slope across four micro water harvesting pits and the interspaces. Data confirmed a significant soil moisture increase inside the pits - bridging intra-seasonal dry spells and soil water potentially deep-percolated into the karstic bedrock underneath. The study found that the out-planted shrubs' stem diameter and height predominantly increased during post rainy season, when the interspaces dried up while the pits continued providing moisture. The results are promising and contribute to integrated research towards halting land degradation and sustainable agro-pastoral development.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Overexploitation and climate change accelerate the degradation of Jordan's arid rangelands. Uncovered and crusted soils increase runoff and erosion and hinder the emergence of the native vegetation. Micro water harvesting combined with shrub-seedling plantation have been widely applied to reverse land degradation trends. However, consequential soil water and vegetation dynamics have been rarely assessed, which constrains further out-scaling of the rehabilitation practice to complex environments. In Jordan, an experiment was set up to study the linkages between local rainfall characteristics, soil moisture and the development of out-planted shrub-seedlings. Soil moisture was recorded at approximately weekly time-interval during the rainy and dry season 2017/2018 using a manually operated soil water sensor. Transect monitoring was pursued up and down the slope across four micro water harvesting pits and the interspaces. Data confirmed a significant soil moisture increase inside the pits - bridging intra-seasonal dry spells and soil water potentially deep-percolated into the karstic bedrock underneath. The study found that the out-planted shrubs' stem diameter and height predominantly increased during post rainy season, when the interspaces dried up while the pits continued providing moisture. The results are promising and contribute to integrated research towards halting land degradation and sustainable agro-pastoral development. |
Anwar, Siti Nurhawa Binte Muhammad; Alvarado, Valeria; Hsu, Shu-Chien A socio-eco-efficiency analysis of water and wastewater treatment processes for refugee communities in Jordan Journal Article In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 164, pp. 105196, 2021, ISSN: 0921-3449. @article{muhammad_anwar_socio-eco-efficiency_2021,
title = {A socio-eco-efficiency analysis of water and wastewater treatment processes for refugee communities in Jordan},
author = {Siti Nurhawa Binte Muhammad Anwar and Valeria Alvarado and Shu-Chien Hsu},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344920305139},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105196},
issn = {0921-3449},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Resources, Conservation and Recycling},
volume = {164},
pages = {105196},
abstract = {As of 2017, the United Nations has estimated that there are 68.5 million displaced people in the world which live in refugee camps (RCs) in 125 host countries. RCs frequently encounter water scarcity issues which lead to a low daily limit of water consumption, as well as face management difficulties such as septic tank overflowing which contribute to the development of health problems. Considering the need for more sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene system in RCs, a socio-eco-efficiency analysis (SEEA) framework is proposed for the analysis and comparison of different wastewater treatment methods. The SEEA framework consists of the integration of the economic and environmental aspects analysed by an eco-efficiency analysis (EEA) with the social aspects evaluated by a social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) using the analytic hierarchy process. The SEEA framework was applied to compare different wastewater treatment methods in Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan. The SEEA results show that, if adopted, an effluent water reuse-based treatment would increase economic efficiency by 75%, decrease environmental impacts by 57%, and increase social sustainability by 57% compared to the current operation of the camp, where a wastewater system connects groups of seven to nine households to communal septic tanks. A ternary diagram is used to represent the comparison of different wastewater treatment methods for an RC. The diagram shows the degree of socio-eco-efficiency of each wastewater treatment method, in terms of its social impacts, environmental impacts, and cost by normalising results of the EEA and S-LCA into one score.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
As of 2017, the United Nations has estimated that there are 68.5 million displaced people in the world which live in refugee camps (RCs) in 125 host countries. RCs frequently encounter water scarcity issues which lead to a low daily limit of water consumption, as well as face management difficulties such as septic tank overflowing which contribute to the development of health problems. Considering the need for more sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene system in RCs, a socio-eco-efficiency analysis (SEEA) framework is proposed for the analysis and comparison of different wastewater treatment methods. The SEEA framework consists of the integration of the economic and environmental aspects analysed by an eco-efficiency analysis (EEA) with the social aspects evaluated by a social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) using the analytic hierarchy process. The SEEA framework was applied to compare different wastewater treatment methods in Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan. The SEEA results show that, if adopted, an effluent water reuse-based treatment would increase economic efficiency by 75%, decrease environmental impacts by 57%, and increase social sustainability by 57% compared to the current operation of the camp, where a wastewater system connects groups of seven to nine households to communal septic tanks. A ternary diagram is used to represent the comparison of different wastewater treatment methods for an RC. The diagram shows the degree of socio-eco-efficiency of each wastewater treatment method, in terms of its social impacts, environmental impacts, and cost by normalising results of the EEA and S-LCA into one score. |
2020
|
Alsayyed, Niveen M.; Suifan, Taghrid S.; Sweis, Rateb J.; Kilani, Basheer A. The impact of transformational leadership on organisational performance case study: The University of Jordan Journal Article In: International Journal of Business Excellence, 2020, ISSN: 17560055. @article{alsayyed_impact_2020,
title = {The impact of transformational leadership on organisational performance case study: The University of Jordan},
author = {Niveen M. Alsayyed and Taghrid S. Suifan and Rateb J. Sweis and Basheer A. Kilani},
doi = {10.1504/IJBEX.2020.105356},
issn = {17560055},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Business Excellence},
abstract = {This research aimed to examine the impact of transformational leadership on organisational performance at the University of Jordan. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (280) administrative employees at the University of Jordan. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Information about respondents was analysed using descriptive analysis. While multiple regression was used to determine whether the four dimensions of transformational leadership; idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration have a significant impact on organisational performance. The findings revealed that the transformational leadership had a significant impact on organisational performance along with idealised influence and intellectual stimulation. However, individualised consideration and inspirational motivation did not have a significant impact on organisational performance according to the respondents’ ratings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This research aimed to examine the impact of transformational leadership on organisational performance at the University of Jordan. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (280) administrative employees at the University of Jordan. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Information about respondents was analysed using descriptive analysis. While multiple regression was used to determine whether the four dimensions of transformational leadership; idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration have a significant impact on organisational performance. The findings revealed that the transformational leadership had a significant impact on organisational performance along with idealised influence and intellectual stimulation. However, individualised consideration and inspirational motivation did not have a significant impact on organisational performance according to the respondents’ ratings. |
Boeing, Philipp; Hünermund, Paul A global decline in research productivity? Evidence from China and Germany Journal Article In: Economics Letters, vol. 197, pp. 109646, 2020, ISSN: 0165-1765. @article{boeing_global_2020,
title = {A global decline in research productivity? Evidence from China and Germany},
author = {Philipp Boeing and Paul H\"{u}nermund},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176520304067},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109646},
issn = {0165-1765},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Economics Letters},
volume = {197},
pages = {109646},
abstract = {In a recent paper, Bloom et al. (2020) find evidence for a substantial decline in research productivity in the U.S. economy during the last 40 years. In this paper, we replicate their findings for China and Germany, using detailed firm-level data spanning three decades. Our results indicate that diminishing returns in idea production are a global phenomenon, not just confined to the U.S.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In a recent paper, Bloom et al. (2020) find evidence for a substantial decline in research productivity in the U.S. economy during the last 40 years. In this paper, we replicate their findings for China and Germany, using detailed firm-level data spanning three decades. Our results indicate that diminishing returns in idea production are a global phenomenon, not just confined to the U.S. |
Clemens, Maria; Khurelbaatar, Ganbaatar; Merz, Ralf; Siebert, Christian; Afferden, Manfred; Rödiger, Tino Groundwater protection under water scarcity; from regional risk assessment to local wastewater treatment solutions in Jordan Journal Article In: Science of The Total Environment, vol. 706, pp. 136066, 2020, ISSN: 0048-9697. @article{clemens_groundwater_2020,
title = {Groundwater protection under water scarcity; from regional risk assessment to local wastewater treatment solutions in Jordan},
author = {Maria Clemens and Ganbaatar Khurelbaatar and Ralf Merz and Christian Siebert and Manfred Afferden and Tino R\"{o}diger},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719360620},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136066},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
volume = {706},
pages = {136066},
abstract = {The infiltration of untreated wastewater into aquifers highly endangers the availability of fresh-water for human consumption in semi-arid areas. This growing problem of potable water scarcity urgently requires solutions for groundwater protection. Decision support systems for local wastewater treatments in settlements already exist. However, the main challenge of implementing these for regional groundwater protection is to identify where wastewater treatments are most efficient for the whole region. In this paper, we addressed this scale-crossing problem with an interdisciplinary approach that combines regional risk assessment and assessment of local wastewater treatment scenarios. We analysed the impact of polluting the groundwater using vulnerability, hazard, and risk assessments. Thus, we identified the need for semi-arid and karst-related adjustments, defined more suitable standards for wastewater hazard values, and accounted for the groundwater dynamics beyond the vertical flow paths. Using a lateral groundwater flow model, we analysed the impact of the pollution sources and linked the regional and local scale successfully. Furthermore, we combined the geoscientific results with the urban water engineering methods of area and cost assessments for local wastewater scenarios. Based on the example of the Wadi al Arab aquifer in Jordan, we showed that implementing an adapted treatment solution in one of the heavily polluted suburban settlements could reduce 12% of the aquifer pollution, which affects 93% of the potential aquifer users. This novel method helps to identify settlements with significant pollution impact on the groundwater, as well as the users, and also gives specific guidelines to establish the most efficient locally tailored treatment solution.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The infiltration of untreated wastewater into aquifers highly endangers the availability of fresh-water for human consumption in semi-arid areas. This growing problem of potable water scarcity urgently requires solutions for groundwater protection. Decision support systems for local wastewater treatments in settlements already exist. However, the main challenge of implementing these for regional groundwater protection is to identify where wastewater treatments are most efficient for the whole region. In this paper, we addressed this scale-crossing problem with an interdisciplinary approach that combines regional risk assessment and assessment of local wastewater treatment scenarios. We analysed the impact of polluting the groundwater using vulnerability, hazard, and risk assessments. Thus, we identified the need for semi-arid and karst-related adjustments, defined more suitable standards for wastewater hazard values, and accounted for the groundwater dynamics beyond the vertical flow paths. Using a lateral groundwater flow model, we analysed the impact of the pollution sources and linked the regional and local scale successfully. Furthermore, we combined the geoscientific results with the urban water engineering methods of area and cost assessments for local wastewater scenarios. Based on the example of the Wadi al Arab aquifer in Jordan, we showed that implementing an adapted treatment solution in one of the heavily polluted suburban settlements could reduce 12% of the aquifer pollution, which affects 93% of the potential aquifer users. This novel method helps to identify settlements with significant pollution impact on the groundwater, as well as the users, and also gives specific guidelines to establish the most efficient locally tailored treatment solution. |
Alomari, Ahmad Hussein; Saleh, Muneer Aziz; Hashim, Suhairul; Alsayaheen, Amal; Abdeldin, Ismail; abukashabeh, Ahmad 238U and 232Th isotopes in groundwater of Jordan: Geological influence, water chemistry, and health impact Journal Article In: Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 170, pp. 108660, 2020, ISSN: 0969-806X. @article{alomari_238u_2020,
title = {238U and 232Th isotopes in groundwater of Jordan: Geological influence, water chemistry, and health impact},
author = {Ahmad Hussein Alomari and Muneer Aziz Saleh and Suhairul Hashim and Amal Alsayaheen and Ismail Abdeldin and Ahmad abukashabeh},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X19307406},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108660},
issn = {0969-806X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Radiation Physics and Chemistry},
volume = {170},
pages = {108660},
abstract = {An extensive pioneer study was conducted to determine the activity concentration of 238U and 232Th in 94 groundwater samples to examine the influence of geological formations on the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th and to investigate a relationship with the major chemical elements in groundwater. The study also aims to estimate the annual effective dose and health impact due to the intake of these radionuclides in the groundwater of Jordan. The mean activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in groundwater were found to be 33 ± 5 mBq L−1 and 0.017 ± 0.002 mBq L−1, respectively. The highest mean of 238U and 232Th activity concentrations were found for lower Cretaceous geological formation, while Tertiary and Quaternary geological formations have the lowest mean 238U and 232Th activity concentration, respectively. The output of (ANOVA) and post hoc tests revealed the existence of significant influence of geological formations on 238U activity concentrations, while insignificant influence on 232Th activity concentrations was found in the groundwater of Jordan. The groundwater of Jordan was dominated by HCO3−1, Cl−1, Ca+2, and Na+1. The mean annual effective dose due to the ingestion of radionuclides 238U and 232Th in groundwater were found 1.143 μSv lower than recommended by WHO. The ingestion dose deduced is dominated by 238U of 99% where the average contribution from 232Th amounted to 1%. The results of the study will serve as a baseline data of 238U and 232Th activity concentrations in groundwater based on geological formations of Jordan.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An extensive pioneer study was conducted to determine the activity concentration of 238U and 232Th in 94 groundwater samples to examine the influence of geological formations on the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th and to investigate a relationship with the major chemical elements in groundwater. The study also aims to estimate the annual effective dose and health impact due to the intake of these radionuclides in the groundwater of Jordan. The mean activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in groundwater were found to be 33 ± 5 mBq L−1 and 0.017 ± 0.002 mBq L−1, respectively. The highest mean of 238U and 232Th activity concentrations were found for lower Cretaceous geological formation, while Tertiary and Quaternary geological formations have the lowest mean 238U and 232Th activity concentration, respectively. The output of (ANOVA) and post hoc tests revealed the existence of significant influence of geological formations on 238U activity concentrations, while insignificant influence on 232Th activity concentrations was found in the groundwater of Jordan. The groundwater of Jordan was dominated by HCO3−1, Cl−1, Ca+2, and Na+1. The mean annual effective dose due to the ingestion of radionuclides 238U and 232Th in groundwater were found 1.143 μSv lower than recommended by WHO. The ingestion dose deduced is dominated by 238U of 99% where the average contribution from 232Th amounted to 1%. The results of the study will serve as a baseline data of 238U and 232Th activity concentrations in groundwater based on geological formations of Jordan. |
Saidan, Motasem N Estimation of industrial water demand and reclamation in Jordan: A cross-sectional analysis Journal Article In: Water Resources and Industry, vol. 23, pp. 100129, 2020, ISSN: 2212-3717. @article{saidan_estimation_2020,
title = {Estimation of industrial water demand and reclamation in Jordan: A cross-sectional analysis},
author = {Motasem N Saidan},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371719301222},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2020.100129},
issn = {2212-3717},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Water Resources and Industry},
volume = {23},
pages = {100129},
abstract = {The present study quantified the industrial water demand and reclamation and identified the scale of water-intensive industries in Jordan. Five industrial sectors including 395 industrial factories were surveyed by means of a structured questionnaire. The gathered data that were assessed included all industrial sectors, number of employees, the types and quantities of products, water demand, wastewater generation quantities, and management practices. Water demand and wastewater generation indicators (the water use and wastewater generation per product or per worker or per time) were determined for each of the responded groups of industrial sectors. The total industrial water demand and effluents generation in the five industrial sectors were pragmatically extrapolated and calculated. Moreover, the water reclamation and reuse potentialities were assessed from both environmental and economic perspectives. The results showed that the monthly industrial water demand per worker is 0.634 m3 for domestic use, while that for process use is varied between 0.07 to 21.38 m3/tons product. The results also determined the wastewater generation indicators, where the domestic use is generating between 0.515 to 0.628 m3 of wastewater per month per worker, while that for process use is between 0.04 to 12.45 m3/tons product. Moreover, the scenario of on-site treatment of 90% of the generated wastewater to be used as alternative water for 37.83% of total process water demanded by the grouped industries, showed viability where 9.7 million cubic meter of fresh water can be saved annually, and at least 25,953.60 tons CO2 equivalent emission can be reduced.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present study quantified the industrial water demand and reclamation and identified the scale of water-intensive industries in Jordan. Five industrial sectors including 395 industrial factories were surveyed by means of a structured questionnaire. The gathered data that were assessed included all industrial sectors, number of employees, the types and quantities of products, water demand, wastewater generation quantities, and management practices. Water demand and wastewater generation indicators (the water use and wastewater generation per product or per worker or per time) were determined for each of the responded groups of industrial sectors. The total industrial water demand and effluents generation in the five industrial sectors were pragmatically extrapolated and calculated. Moreover, the water reclamation and reuse potentialities were assessed from both environmental and economic perspectives. The results showed that the monthly industrial water demand per worker is 0.634 m3 for domestic use, while that for process use is varied between 0.07 to 21.38 m3/tons product. The results also determined the wastewater generation indicators, where the domestic use is generating between 0.515 to 0.628 m3 of wastewater per month per worker, while that for process use is between 0.04 to 12.45 m3/tons product. Moreover, the scenario of on-site treatment of 90% of the generated wastewater to be used as alternative water for 37.83% of total process water demanded by the grouped industries, showed viability where 9.7 million cubic meter of fresh water can be saved annually, and at least 25,953.60 tons CO2 equivalent emission can be reduced. |
Shigei, Makoto; Ahrens, Lutz; Hazaymeh, Ayat; Dalahmeh, Sahar S Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and soil in wastewater-irrigated farmland in Jordan Journal Article In: Science of The Total Environment, vol. 716, pp. 137057, 2020, ISSN: 0048-9697. @article{shigei_per-_2020,
title = {Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and soil in wastewater-irrigated farmland in Jordan},
author = {Makoto Shigei and Lutz Ahrens and Ayat Hazaymeh and Sahar S Dalahmeh},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720305672},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137057},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
volume = {716},
pages = {137057},
abstract = {The Zarqa river (ZR) in Jordan receives \>300,000 m3 day −1 of wastewater effluent from Assamra wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and is a major source of irrigation water for vegetable crops and fodder downstream. ZR water quality is therefore highly important and directly influences crop and soil quality in irrigated fields. This study investigated the occurrence and concentration of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Assamra wastewater, ZR water, soils and crop plants (alfalfa (Medicago sativa), mint (Mentha spicata) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa)) along the ZR flow path between Assamra WWTP and Jerash spring. The combined PFAS concentration (∑PFASs) in Assamra WWTP effluent (14\textendash24 ng L−1) was comparable to that in influent (10\textendash15 ng L−1), indicating poor removal of PFASs. The dominant PFAS in influent was perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), while perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA) dominated in effluent. ∑PFASs in an unaffected upstream tributary (Sukhna station) was 4.7\textendash5.4 ng L−1. Farther downstream, ZR water contained 16\textendash27 ng L−1, with PFPeA, PFOA and PFDA dominating, and these levels did not change along the flow path to Jerash spring. ∑PFASs in soil was generally low, 340 ± 150 pg g−1 dry weight (dw) in alfalfa soil (mainly PFOA and PFDA) and 710 ± 420 pg g−1 dw in mint soil and 970 ± 800 pg g−1 dw in lettuce soil (mainly linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (L-PFOS) in both cases). Soil-water partitioning coefficient (Kd) was generally low in all soils (range 24\textendash62 L kg−1, 20\textendash46 L kg−1 and 28 L kg−1 for PFOA, PFDA and L-PFHxS, respectively). No PFASs were detected in alfalfa and mint plants. Overall, this investigation demonstrated that PFAS contamination in wastewater, surface water and soil in the ZR basin is very low in a global comparison, and that there is no accumulation of PFASs in the food and feed crops studied.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Zarqa river (ZR) in Jordan receives >300,000 m3 day −1 of wastewater effluent from Assamra wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and is a major source of irrigation water for vegetable crops and fodder downstream. ZR water quality is therefore highly important and directly influences crop and soil quality in irrigated fields. This study investigated the occurrence and concentration of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Assamra wastewater, ZR water, soils and crop plants (alfalfa (Medicago sativa), mint (Mentha spicata) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa)) along the ZR flow path between Assamra WWTP and Jerash spring. The combined PFAS concentration (∑PFASs) in Assamra WWTP effluent (14–24 ng L−1) was comparable to that in influent (10–15 ng L−1), indicating poor removal of PFASs. The dominant PFAS in influent was perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), while perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA) dominated in effluent. ∑PFASs in an unaffected upstream tributary (Sukhna station) was 4.7–5.4 ng L−1. Farther downstream, ZR water contained 16–27 ng L−1, with PFPeA, PFOA and PFDA dominating, and these levels did not change along the flow path to Jerash spring. ∑PFASs in soil was generally low, 340 ± 150 pg g−1 dry weight (dw) in alfalfa soil (mainly PFOA and PFDA) and 710 ± 420 pg g−1 dw in mint soil and 970 ± 800 pg g−1 dw in lettuce soil (mainly linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (L-PFOS) in both cases). Soil-water partitioning coefficient (Kd) was generally low in all soils (range 24–62 L kg−1, 20–46 L kg−1 and 28 L kg−1 for PFOA, PFDA and L-PFHxS, respectively). No PFASs were detected in alfalfa and mint plants. Overall, this investigation demonstrated that PFAS contamination in wastewater, surface water and soil in the ZR basin is very low in a global comparison, and that there is no accumulation of PFASs in the food and feed crops studied. |
2019
|
Karaimeh, Sufyan Al Maintaining desert cultivation: Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic water-strategies at Udhruh region, Jordan Journal Article In: Journal of Arid Environments, vol. 166, pp. 108–115, 2019, ISSN: 0140-1963. @article{al_karaimeh_maintaining_2019,
title = {Maintaining desert cultivation: Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic water-strategies at Udhruh region, Jordan},
author = {Sufyan Al Karaimeh},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196319300369},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.03.007},
issn = {0140-1963},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Arid Environments},
volume = {166},
pages = {108\textendash115},
abstract = {The site of Udhruh is located in the arid desert of southern Jordan, about 15 km to the east of Petra. The site was built by the Nabataeans but expanded by the Romans (as a defensive site) and was continuously occupied until the Early Islamic period. It receives less than the 200 mm of annual precipitation, which is crucial for agricultural cultivation. Archaeological evidence from earlier excavations together with new data from several survey projects indicate that areas around Udhruh were cultivated throughout the Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic periods (300 BCE\textendash800 CE). The fundamental question is: how did the people of Udhruh sustain their community in the desert, and how did they transform the desert into arable land? The landscape could be utilised thanks to sophisticated water management and irrigation techniques. At least four underground qanat systems were identified providing Udhruh with access to groundwater. At the terminal end of the qanat systems, several types of closed surface channels conveyed the water to reservoirs, which subsequently distributed the water to the field systems. The water systems of Udhruh differ from the well-known Nabataean systems in the surrounding area. As Udhruh was taken over by the Roman army in 106 CE, this study analyses how the Nabataean water systems continued to function and adapt through the Roman and Byzantine periods. A complete understanding of Udhruh's water systems helps to reconstruct past land use, agricultural activity, and irrigation practices in a currently arid region.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The site of Udhruh is located in the arid desert of southern Jordan, about 15 km to the east of Petra. The site was built by the Nabataeans but expanded by the Romans (as a defensive site) and was continuously occupied until the Early Islamic period. It receives less than the 200 mm of annual precipitation, which is crucial for agricultural cultivation. Archaeological evidence from earlier excavations together with new data from several survey projects indicate that areas around Udhruh were cultivated throughout the Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic periods (300 BCE–800 CE). The fundamental question is: how did the people of Udhruh sustain their community in the desert, and how did they transform the desert into arable land? The landscape could be utilised thanks to sophisticated water management and irrigation techniques. At least four underground qanat systems were identified providing Udhruh with access to groundwater. At the terminal end of the qanat systems, several types of closed surface channels conveyed the water to reservoirs, which subsequently distributed the water to the field systems. The water systems of Udhruh differ from the well-known Nabataean systems in the surrounding area. As Udhruh was taken over by the Roman army in 106 CE, this study analyses how the Nabataean water systems continued to function and adapt through the Roman and Byzantine periods. A complete understanding of Udhruh's water systems helps to reconstruct past land use, agricultural activity, and irrigation practices in a currently arid region. |
Carmi, Natasha; Alsayegh, Mey; Zoubi, Maysoon Empowering women in water diplomacy: A basic mapping of the challenges in Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan Journal Article In: Journal of Hydrology, vol. 569, pp. 330–346, 2019, ISSN: 0022-1694. @article{carmi_empowering_2019,
title = {Empowering women in water diplomacy: A basic mapping of the challenges in Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan},
author = {Natasha Carmi and Mey Alsayegh and Maysoon Zoubi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002216941830951X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.011},
issn = {0022-1694},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
volume = {569},
pages = {330\textendash346},
abstract = {Until now, limited attention has been afforded to the role of, and challenges faced by, women involved in water diplomacy. In addition to research being at an early stage, it is mainly focused on addressing the challenges imposed by gender inequality. Thus very few applicable policy recommendations have emerged in this field to date. This paper will explore and identify current challenges that face the women interested in attaining high level positions in water diplomacy, in three Arab countries in which hydropolitics prevails, including Jordan, Lebanon and the State of Palestine. Female experts working on water-related issues were surveyed and interviewed to ascertain key qualitative issues, perceptions and various challenges. The focus of the paper was to identify the additional skills to be developed and acquired, for these women to better qualify as water diplomats both nationally and globally. In addition, the paper explores how to better equip women as leaders in the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 5 on Gender Equality and Goal 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation, in their national water sectors. The results provide a basic and initial mapping of current challenges and makes recommendations that would assist in the empowerment of those women in water diplomacy decision making positions in the regions investigated specifically, as well as globally.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Until now, limited attention has been afforded to the role of, and challenges faced by, women involved in water diplomacy. In addition to research being at an early stage, it is mainly focused on addressing the challenges imposed by gender inequality. Thus very few applicable policy recommendations have emerged in this field to date. This paper will explore and identify current challenges that face the women interested in attaining high level positions in water diplomacy, in three Arab countries in which hydropolitics prevails, including Jordan, Lebanon and the State of Palestine. Female experts working on water-related issues were surveyed and interviewed to ascertain key qualitative issues, perceptions and various challenges. The focus of the paper was to identify the additional skills to be developed and acquired, for these women to better qualify as water diplomats both nationally and globally. In addition, the paper explores how to better equip women as leaders in the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 5 on Gender Equality and Goal 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation, in their national water sectors. The results provide a basic and initial mapping of current challenges and makes recommendations that would assist in the empowerment of those women in water diplomacy decision making positions in the regions investigated specifically, as well as globally. |
Hillel, Noa; Wine, Michael L; Laronne, Jonathan B; Licha, Tobias; Be'eri-Shlevin, Yaron; Siebert, Christian Identifying spatiotemporal variations in groundwater-surface water interactions using shallow pore water chemistry in the lower Jordan river Journal Article In: Advances in Water Resources, vol. 131, pp. 103388, 2019, ISSN: 0309-1708. @article{hillel_identifying_2019,
title = {Identifying spatiotemporal variations in groundwater-surface water interactions using shallow pore water chemistry in the lower Jordan river},
author = {Noa Hillel and Michael L Wine and Jonathan B Laronne and Tobias Licha and Yaron Be'eri-Shlevin and Christian Siebert},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170818309369},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103388},
issn = {0309-1708},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
volume = {131},
pages = {103388},
abstract = {Groundwater-surface water interactions as result of in- and effluent conditions along a stream may have a strong impact on the quantity and quality of the river water. These interactions are controlled by river morphology and by transient hydraulic gradients between river and surrounding groundwater. Here we document the existence of spatiotemporal variations in groundwater-surface water interactions in the bed of the Lower Jordan River through pore water analysis of shallow sediment cores using major ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, Br−, SO42−) and stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H). Our results demonstrate that temporal variations are neither spatially uniform nor steady. Upwelling of groundwater is seasonally dependent and forced by a winter pulse of groundwater recharge and by estival low river discharge.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Groundwater-surface water interactions as result of in- and effluent conditions along a stream may have a strong impact on the quantity and quality of the river water. These interactions are controlled by river morphology and by transient hydraulic gradients between river and surrounding groundwater. Here we document the existence of spatiotemporal variations in groundwater-surface water interactions in the bed of the Lower Jordan River through pore water analysis of shallow sediment cores using major ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, Br−, SO42−) and stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H). Our results demonstrate that temporal variations are neither spatially uniform nor steady. Upwelling of groundwater is seasonally dependent and forced by a winter pulse of groundwater recharge and by estival low river discharge. |
Al-Masri, Raya A; Chenoweth, Jonathan; Murphy, Richard J Exploring the Status Quo of Water-Energy Nexus Policies and Governance in Jordan Journal Article In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 100, pp. 192–204, 2019, ISSN: 1462-9011. @article{al-masri_exploring_2019,
title = {Exploring the Status Quo of Water-Energy Nexus Policies and Governance in Jordan},
author = {Raya A Al-Masri and Jonathan Chenoweth and Richard J Murphy},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901118312383},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.06.012},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
volume = {100},
pages = {192\textendash204},
abstract = {The Water-Energy Nexus (WEN) is broadly defined as an integrated paradigm for efficiently managing water and energy resources. While several studies have investigated WEN from a resource efficiency perspective, little research has focused on governance and policy integration aspects. In this study, the level of understanding of WEN in Jordan is examined for the first time from the perspective of governance and public policy development. We explored institutional and policy integration gaps between the two sectors by mapping the water and energy policies in Jordan, and holding semi-structured interviews with the key policymakers and stakeholders. While the awareness of the nexus paradigm by officials is increasing, the level of knowledge about WEN varies across the sectors. As water and energy policies are formulated independently, there are no formal mechanisms for collaboration in the policy formulation and implementation processes, nor formal mechanisms for collaboration to guarantee policy effectiveness. Factors such as acknowledging shared understandings between different actors, setting flexible policy boundaries, and introducing specific capacity building plans at the institutional level are identified as critical to enable better WEN governance. Proposals from this study recommend adopting collaboration arrangements tailored to each sector’s needs and existing structures, and supported by effective enforcements to ensure an incremental and steady change toward inter-institutional coordination. A ‘multi-layer approach’ involving appropriate legal and policy frameworks, and adequate human and financial resources; essentially from private sector is suggested. Proposals from this study can help policymakers to effectively plan for joint water-energy investments for a more sustainable future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Water-Energy Nexus (WEN) is broadly defined as an integrated paradigm for efficiently managing water and energy resources. While several studies have investigated WEN from a resource efficiency perspective, little research has focused on governance and policy integration aspects. In this study, the level of understanding of WEN in Jordan is examined for the first time from the perspective of governance and public policy development. We explored institutional and policy integration gaps between the two sectors by mapping the water and energy policies in Jordan, and holding semi-structured interviews with the key policymakers and stakeholders. While the awareness of the nexus paradigm by officials is increasing, the level of knowledge about WEN varies across the sectors. As water and energy policies are formulated independently, there are no formal mechanisms for collaboration in the policy formulation and implementation processes, nor formal mechanisms for collaboration to guarantee policy effectiveness. Factors such as acknowledging shared understandings between different actors, setting flexible policy boundaries, and introducing specific capacity building plans at the institutional level are identified as critical to enable better WEN governance. Proposals from this study recommend adopting collaboration arrangements tailored to each sector’s needs and existing structures, and supported by effective enforcements to ensure an incremental and steady change toward inter-institutional coordination. A ‘multi-layer approach’ involving appropriate legal and policy frameworks, and adequate human and financial resources; essentially from private sector is suggested. Proposals from this study can help policymakers to effectively plan for joint water-energy investments for a more sustainable future. |
Joseph, J.; Külls, C.; Arend, M.; Schaub, M.; Hagedorn, F.; Gessler, A.; Weiler, M. Application of a laser-based spectrometer for continuous in situ measurements of stable isotopes of soil CO2 in calcareous and acidic soils Journal Article In: SOIL, vol. 5, no. 1, 2019, ISSN: 2199398X. @article{joseph_application_2019,
title = {Application of a laser-based spectrometer for continuous in situ measurements of stable isotopes of soil CO2 in calcareous and acidic soils},
author = {J. Joseph and C. K\"{u}lls and M. Arend and M. Schaub and F. Hagedorn and A. Gessler and M. Weiler},
doi = {10.5194/soil-5-49-2019},
issn = {2199398X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {SOIL},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
abstract = {© Author(s) 2019. The short-term dynamics of carbon and water fluxes across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are still not fully understood. One important constraint is the lack of methodologies that enable simultaneous measurements of soil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> concentration and respective isotopic composition at a high temporal resolution for longer periods of time. \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?13C\</span\> of soil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> can be used to derive information on the origin and physiological history of carbon, and \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?18O\</span\> in soil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> aids in inferring the interaction between \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> and soil water. We established a real-time method for measuring soil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> concentration, \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?13C\</span\> and \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?18O\</span\> values across a soil profile at higher temporal resolutions (0.05-0.1\ Hz) using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). We also developed a calibration method correcting for the sensitivity of the device against concentration-dependent shifts in \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?13C\</span\> and \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?18O\</span\> values under highly varying \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> concentration. The deviations of measured data were modelled, and a mathematical correction model was developed and applied for correcting the shift. By coupling an OA-ICOS with hydrophobic but gas-permeable membranes placed at different depths in acidic and calcareous soils, we investigated the contribution of abiotic and biotic components to total soil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> release. We found that in the calcareous Gleysol, \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> originating from carbonate dissolution contributed to the total soil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> concentration at detectable degrees, potentially due to \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> evasion from groundwater. The \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>13C\</span\>-\<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> of topsoil at the calcareous soil site was found reflect \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?13C\</span\> values of atmospheric \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\>, and the \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?13C\</span\> of topsoil \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> at the acidic soil site was representative of the biological respiratory processes. \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?18O\</span\> values of \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>CO2\</span\> in both sites reflected the \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>textit?18O\</span\> of soil water across most of the depth profile, except for the 80\ cm depth at the calcareous site where a relative enrichment in \<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"\>18O\</span\> was observed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© Author(s) 2019. The short-term dynamics of carbon and water fluxes across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are still not fully understood. One important constraint is the lack of methodologies that enable simultaneous measurements of soil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> concentration and respective isotopic composition at a high temporal resolution for longer periods of time. <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?13C</span> of soil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> can be used to derive information on the origin and physiological history of carbon, and <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?18O</span> in soil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> aids in inferring the interaction between <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> and soil water. We established a real-time method for measuring soil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> concentration, <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?13C</span> and <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?18O</span> values across a soil profile at higher temporal resolutions (0.05-0.1 Hz) using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). We also developed a calibration method correcting for the sensitivity of the device against concentration-dependent shifts in <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?13C</span> and <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?18O</span> values under highly varying <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> concentration. The deviations of measured data were modelled, and a mathematical correction model was developed and applied for correcting the shift. By coupling an OA-ICOS with hydrophobic but gas-permeable membranes placed at different depths in acidic and calcareous soils, we investigated the contribution of abiotic and biotic components to total soil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> release. We found that in the calcareous Gleysol, <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> originating from carbonate dissolution contributed to the total soil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> concentration at detectable degrees, potentially due to <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> evasion from groundwater. The <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">13C</span>-<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> of topsoil at the calcareous soil site was found reflect <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?13C</span> values of atmospheric <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span>, and the <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?13C</span> of topsoil <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> at the acidic soil site was representative of the biological respiratory processes. <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?18O</span> values of <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> in both sites reflected the <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">textit?18O</span> of soil water across most of the depth profile, except for the 80 cm depth at the calcareous site where a relative enrichment in <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">18O</span> was observed. |
2018
|
Abu-Khader, Mazen M.; Shawaqfeh, Ahmad T.; Naddaf, Zainab; Maity, Jyoti Prakash; Bhattacharya, Prosun Radon in the groundwater in the Amman-Zarqa Basin and related environments in Jordan Journal Article In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, vol. 7, pp. 73-81, 2018, ISSN: 2352-801X. @article{ABUKHADER201873,
title = {Radon in the groundwater in the Amman-Zarqa Basin and related environments in Jordan},
author = {Mazen M. Abu-Khader and Ahmad T. Shawaqfeh and Zainab Naddaf and Jyoti Prakash Maity and Prosun Bhattacharya},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X17302084},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.03.009},
issn = {2352-801X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Groundwater for Sustainable Development},
volume = {7},
pages = {73-81},
abstract = {The occurrence of radon (222Rn) in environment (groundwater and indoor air) from geogenic sources is receiving an growing attention due to its adverse impact on human health worldwide including Jordan. Highlighting the current status of radon in Jordan, the present study of radon concentrations in ground waters in the Amman-Zarqa basin (AZB) was investigated. Groundwater samples were collected from fifteen wells located in three main areas of Ras Al-Ain, Al-Rsaifeh and Al-Hashemite. Radon concentration was measure using Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) Tri- Carb 3110 with discriminator and the highest values for radon concentration in water were observed in Al-Rsaifeh area and ranged from 4.52 up to 30.70 Bq/l with an average of 11.22 Bq/l, which were attributed to the decay of naturally distributed uranium in phosphate rock from Al-Rsaifeh mines. In Ras Al-Ain area, the radon concentration were noted ranged from 0.6 to 5.55 Bq/l with an average of 2.82 Bq/l, and also in Al-Hashemite area were ranged from 0.77 to 5.37 Bq/l with an average of 4.04 Bq/l. The overall average concentration of tested samples was 5.77 Bq/l and found within the acceptable international levels. Ground water samples of Ras Al-Ain area showed good quality as was tested of low salinity. It recorded the lowest average radon concentration of 2.82 Bq/l. Also, Radon indoor and building materials was reviewed. In conclusion, this study presented an urged need for developing national regulations and standards as well as awareness program concerning the radon status in Jordan.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The occurrence of radon (222Rn) in environment (groundwater and indoor air) from geogenic sources is receiving an growing attention due to its adverse impact on human health worldwide including Jordan. Highlighting the current status of radon in Jordan, the present study of radon concentrations in ground waters in the Amman-Zarqa basin (AZB) was investigated. Groundwater samples were collected from fifteen wells located in three main areas of Ras Al-Ain, Al-Rsaifeh and Al-Hashemite. Radon concentration was measure using Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) Tri- Carb 3110 with discriminator and the highest values for radon concentration in water were observed in Al-Rsaifeh area and ranged from 4.52 up to 30.70 Bq/l with an average of 11.22 Bq/l, which were attributed to the decay of naturally distributed uranium in phosphate rock from Al-Rsaifeh mines. In Ras Al-Ain area, the radon concentration were noted ranged from 0.6 to 5.55 Bq/l with an average of 2.82 Bq/l, and also in Al-Hashemite area were ranged from 0.77 to 5.37 Bq/l with an average of 4.04 Bq/l. The overall average concentration of tested samples was 5.77 Bq/l and found within the acceptable international levels. Ground water samples of Ras Al-Ain area showed good quality as was tested of low salinity. It recorded the lowest average radon concentration of 2.82 Bq/l. Also, Radon indoor and building materials was reviewed. In conclusion, this study presented an urged need for developing national regulations and standards as well as awareness program concerning the radon status in Jordan. |
Alawneh, Rami; Ghazali, Farid E Mohamed; Ali, Hikmat; Asif, Muhammad Assessing the contribution of water and energy efficiency in green buildings to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in Jordan Journal Article In: Building and Environment, vol. 146, pp. 119–132, 2018, ISSN: 0360-1323. @article{alawneh_assessing_2018,
title = {Assessing the contribution of water and energy efficiency in green buildings to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in Jordan},
author = {Rami Alawneh and Farid E Mohamed Ghazali and Hikmat Ali and Muhammad Asif},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132318306012},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.09.043},
issn = {0360-1323},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Building and Environment},
volume = {146},
pages = {119\textendash132},
abstract = {Water and energy efficiency are given high priority in all green building assessment systems. However, a method to assess and improve their contributions to achieve the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has not been developed. This research aims to fill this gap. At the time of this research, most certified green buildings in Jordan were under Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) v2.2 new construction. The relationships between the LEED v2.2 “water efficiency” (WE) and “energy and atmosphere” (EA) standards and the UN SDGs were explored using a quantitative descriptive methodology. Structured questionnaire surveys yielded 55 responses from Jordanian building industry experts. Pearson's Chi-square and frequency tests were carried out to examine these relationships. We propose a new Comprehensive Contribution to Development Index (CCDI) to assess the contributions of the implementation of LEED v2.2 WE and EA to achieve the UN SDGs. The results show a positive relationship between LEED v2.2 prerequisites and credits in both WE and EA categories with the UN SDGs 6\textendash9, 12\textendash13, and 15, suggesting that the proposed CCDI is a reliable and robust tool for the evaluation of the contribution of water and energy efficiency in LEED v2.2- certified green buildings to achieving the UN SDGs in Jordan.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Water and energy efficiency are given high priority in all green building assessment systems. However, a method to assess and improve their contributions to achieve the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has not been developed. This research aims to fill this gap. At the time of this research, most certified green buildings in Jordan were under Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) v2.2 new construction. The relationships between the LEED v2.2 “water efficiency” (WE) and “energy and atmosphere” (EA) standards and the UN SDGs were explored using a quantitative descriptive methodology. Structured questionnaire surveys yielded 55 responses from Jordanian building industry experts. Pearson's Chi-square and frequency tests were carried out to examine these relationships. We propose a new Comprehensive Contribution to Development Index (CCDI) to assess the contributions of the implementation of LEED v2.2 WE and EA to achieve the UN SDGs. The results show a positive relationship between LEED v2.2 prerequisites and credits in both WE and EA categories with the UN SDGs 6–9, 12–13, and 15, suggesting that the proposed CCDI is a reliable and robust tool for the evaluation of the contribution of water and energy efficiency in LEED v2.2- certified green buildings to achieving the UN SDGs in Jordan. |
Alkhalidi, Ammar; Qoaider, Louy; Khashman, Amjad; Al-Alami, Abdel Rahman; Jiryes, Said Energy and water as indicators for sustainable city site selection and design in Jordan using smart grid Journal Article In: Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 37, pp. 125–132, 2018, ISSN: 2210-6707. @article{alkhalidi_energy_2018,
title = {Energy and water as indicators for sustainable city site selection and design in Jordan using smart grid},
author = {Ammar Alkhalidi and Louy Qoaider and Amjad Khashman and Abdel Rahman Al-Alami and Said Jiryes},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670717305383},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.037},
issn = {2210-6707},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
volume = {37},
pages = {125\textendash132},
abstract = {The impending scarcity of the available natural resources can be addressed by streamlining sustainable energy sources. The investigation done in this work aimed at the selection of a location and design of a sustainable city in Jordan. The complexity of choosing a location arose due to the semiarid climate coupled with very limited conventional energy resources. In narrowing down the selection process, the authors developed a selection criterion for a sustainable city in Jordan. Based on that criterion, the north of King Hussein International Airport in Aqaba was determined to be the optimal location. This location has exceptional renewable energy resources and is close to the sea. The proposed sustainable city was designed to house 50,000 inhabitants and a total area of 11,128,508m2. 26% of this area was used for renewable energy projects, 27.4% for housing, 16.1% area for agricultural use, 21.2% for public and green areas, and 9.3% for waste treatment and industrial zone. Smart grid was utilized to satisfy the energy needs for any sustainable site, which included energy management and storage. The electrical load of the proposed city was estimated based on the domestic and commercial electrical load of the city of Aqaba. The load has a peak of 24.78MW and total energy consumption of 122.18 GWh. The city water demand was estimated, domestic water was stored in distributed tanks. A central 5873m3 water storage tank was selected for emergency, agricultural, and other uses. Moreover, this tank served as energy storage medium. Since excess energy was used to desalinate water and the desalinated water was stored in this tank. Two-energy generation scenarios were studied, first, the use of CSP parabolic trough with thermal energy storage yielded an LCOE of 0.1697 USD/kWh. Second, the use of a hybrid, PV, and wind, the system with battery storage resulted in an LCOE 0.0748 USD/kWh for full load coverage. However, the LCOE in the city, if it were connected to the Jordanian national grid without battery storage, was estimated to be 0.0344 USD/kWh.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The impending scarcity of the available natural resources can be addressed by streamlining sustainable energy sources. The investigation done in this work aimed at the selection of a location and design of a sustainable city in Jordan. The complexity of choosing a location arose due to the semiarid climate coupled with very limited conventional energy resources. In narrowing down the selection process, the authors developed a selection criterion for a sustainable city in Jordan. Based on that criterion, the north of King Hussein International Airport in Aqaba was determined to be the optimal location. This location has exceptional renewable energy resources and is close to the sea. The proposed sustainable city was designed to house 50,000 inhabitants and a total area of 11,128,508m2. 26% of this area was used for renewable energy projects, 27.4% for housing, 16.1% area for agricultural use, 21.2% for public and green areas, and 9.3% for waste treatment and industrial zone. Smart grid was utilized to satisfy the energy needs for any sustainable site, which included energy management and storage. The electrical load of the proposed city was estimated based on the domestic and commercial electrical load of the city of Aqaba. The load has a peak of 24.78MW and total energy consumption of 122.18 GWh. The city water demand was estimated, domestic water was stored in distributed tanks. A central 5873m3 water storage tank was selected for emergency, agricultural, and other uses. Moreover, this tank served as energy storage medium. Since excess energy was used to desalinate water and the desalinated water was stored in this tank. Two-energy generation scenarios were studied, first, the use of CSP parabolic trough with thermal energy storage yielded an LCOE of 0.1697 USD/kWh. Second, the use of a hybrid, PV, and wind, the system with battery storage resulted in an LCOE 0.0748 USD/kWh for full load coverage. However, the LCOE in the city, if it were connected to the Jordanian national grid without battery storage, was estimated to be 0.0344 USD/kWh. |
Sixt, Gregory N; Klerkx, Laurens; Griffin, Timothy S Transitions in water harvesting practices in Jordan’s rainfed agricultural systems: Systemic problems and blocking mechanisms in an emerging technological innovation system Journal Article In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 84, pp. 235–249, 2018, ISSN: 1462-9011. @article{sixt_transitions_2018,
title = {Transitions in water harvesting practices in Jordan’s rainfed agricultural systems: Systemic problems and blocking mechanisms in an emerging technological innovation system},
author = {Gregory N Sixt and Laurens Klerkx and Timothy S Griffin},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290111730816X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.08.010},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
volume = {84},
pages = {235\textendash249},
abstract = {This study identifies systemic problems and opportunities for transitions in water harvesting − a water conserving agricultural practice − in the context of a developing country pursuing greater agricultural sustainability. We utilize a combined and enriched functional-structural technological innovation system (TIS) analysis to identify systemic problems in the water harvesting TIS in rainfed agricultural production systems of Jordan. Results indicate Jordanian water harvesting TIS development is hindered by three principal blocking mechanisms: 1) inadequate financial resources to support innovation; 2) lack of a common vision across government ministries; 3) institutional problems that inhibit legitimizing the technology. These challenges are caused by interlocking systemic problems, which indicate the need for integrated policy approaches and interventions. Our analysis reinforces the concept that in developing countries, donor interventions should be centrally considered because they play a role in influencing priorities throughout the system and in supporting TIS development. Donors can counteract TIS development and contribute to directionality problems that favor one form of the technology over another, which gives insufficient protection for the water harvesting TIS until markets for technologies form. This would require more effective coordination between different donors’ efforts to develop critical mass in TIS development. We also show that cultural institutions and interactions between formal and informal land tenure laws play a significant role in causing an erosion of trust in the government and counter efforts to promote and engage farming communities in water harvesting activities and innovation. This requires recognition that, in developing countries, informal institutions may have the same status as formal institutions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study identifies systemic problems and opportunities for transitions in water harvesting − a water conserving agricultural practice − in the context of a developing country pursuing greater agricultural sustainability. We utilize a combined and enriched functional-structural technological innovation system (TIS) analysis to identify systemic problems in the water harvesting TIS in rainfed agricultural production systems of Jordan. Results indicate Jordanian water harvesting TIS development is hindered by three principal blocking mechanisms: 1) inadequate financial resources to support innovation; 2) lack of a common vision across government ministries; 3) institutional problems that inhibit legitimizing the technology. These challenges are caused by interlocking systemic problems, which indicate the need for integrated policy approaches and interventions. Our analysis reinforces the concept that in developing countries, donor interventions should be centrally considered because they play a role in influencing priorities throughout the system and in supporting TIS development. Donors can counteract TIS development and contribute to directionality problems that favor one form of the technology over another, which gives insufficient protection for the water harvesting TIS until markets for technologies form. This would require more effective coordination between different donors’ efforts to develop critical mass in TIS development. We also show that cultural institutions and interactions between formal and informal land tenure laws play a significant role in causing an erosion of trust in the government and counter efforts to promote and engage farming communities in water harvesting activities and innovation. This requires recognition that, in developing countries, informal institutions may have the same status as formal institutions. |
Hussein, Hussam Lifting the veil: Unpacking the discourse of water scarcity in Jordan Journal Article In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 89, pp. 385–392, 2018, ISSN: 1462-9011. @article{hussein_lifting_2018,
title = {Lifting the veil: Unpacking the discourse of water scarcity in Jordan},
author = {Hussam Hussein},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901118303137},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.09.007},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
volume = {89},
pages = {385\textendash392},
abstract = {This article investigates the construction of the discourse of water scarcity in Jordan. It identifies the actors constructing the discourse and the elements comprising the discourse. The study is important and makes an original contribution because while the issue of water scarcity in Jordan has been widely researched, it has been done mainly with engineering approaches, the discourse of water scarcity has been taken for granted, and studies on an in depth discursive analysis of the issue of water scarcity in Jordan are still missing. The study finds that there is a single dominant discourse of water scarcity, which is composed of two narratives: water insufficiency and water mismanagement. The water insufficiency narrative is constructed to emphasise factors external to the responsibility of the Jordanian government as reasons for water scarcity, like nature, refugees, and neighbouring countries. It is mainly constructed by governmental oriented actors and deployed to open solutions on the supply and conservation sides and ultimately to maintain the status quo of the current water uses. The water mismanagement narrative is constructed to emphasise as reasons for water scarcity factors of mismanagement of water resources, and deployed to increase economic efficiency in the water sector.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article investigates the construction of the discourse of water scarcity in Jordan. It identifies the actors constructing the discourse and the elements comprising the discourse. The study is important and makes an original contribution because while the issue of water scarcity in Jordan has been widely researched, it has been done mainly with engineering approaches, the discourse of water scarcity has been taken for granted, and studies on an in depth discursive analysis of the issue of water scarcity in Jordan are still missing. The study finds that there is a single dominant discourse of water scarcity, which is composed of two narratives: water insufficiency and water mismanagement. The water insufficiency narrative is constructed to emphasise factors external to the responsibility of the Jordanian government as reasons for water scarcity, like nature, refugees, and neighbouring countries. It is mainly constructed by governmental oriented actors and deployed to open solutions on the supply and conservation sides and ultimately to maintain the status quo of the current water uses. The water mismanagement narrative is constructed to emphasise as reasons for water scarcity factors of mismanagement of water resources, and deployed to increase economic efficiency in the water sector. |
2016
|
Mustafa, Daanish; Altz-Stamm, Amelia; Scott, Laura Mapstone Water User Associations and the Politics of Water in Jordan Journal Article In: World Development, vol. 79, pp. 164–176, 2016, ISSN: 0305-750X. @article{mustafa_water_2016,
title = {Water User Associations and the Politics of Water in Jordan},
author = {Daanish Mustafa and Amelia Altz-Stamm and Laura Mapstone Scott},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15002909},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.008},
issn = {0305-750X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {World Development},
volume = {79},
pages = {164\textendash176},
abstract = {Summary
Jordan is often held up as one of the most water scarce countries in the world. The water scarcity in the country is not an absolute, but rather a politically mediated reality. The cubic meter numbers for Jordan may very well point toward absolute scarcity, but those numbers hide as much as they reveal. They hide the worlds of meaning, emotion, and social interactions centered around water. It is no surprise then that despite donor-driven push for greater economic rationality in water resources management, political stability continues to be the prime objective of water management in Jordan. Through a case study of Water User Associations (WUAs) in the Jordan Valley we try to demonstrate the political imperatives of water management in Jordan. The WUAs are an example of donor-instigated institutions for water management at the local scale. The WUAs have had variable success in the Jordan valley and some fear that they will not outlast the donors’ and the government’s financial support to them. The WUAs have been appropriated by the elites where their tribal dominance allows for it, while in other places larger farmers operate outside of them. Farmers nevertheless prefer WUAs because they are helpful in gaining access to patronage and water. The future of WUAs in the Jordan Valley is going to be constricted by the Jordanian state’s (in)tolerance of them also becoming politicized spaces for claim-making on the state.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Summary
Jordan is often held up as one of the most water scarce countries in the world. The water scarcity in the country is not an absolute, but rather a politically mediated reality. The cubic meter numbers for Jordan may very well point toward absolute scarcity, but those numbers hide as much as they reveal. They hide the worlds of meaning, emotion, and social interactions centered around water. It is no surprise then that despite donor-driven push for greater economic rationality in water resources management, political stability continues to be the prime objective of water management in Jordan. Through a case study of Water User Associations (WUAs) in the Jordan Valley we try to demonstrate the political imperatives of water management in Jordan. The WUAs are an example of donor-instigated institutions for water management at the local scale. The WUAs have had variable success in the Jordan valley and some fear that they will not outlast the donors’ and the government’s financial support to them. The WUAs have been appropriated by the elites where their tribal dominance allows for it, while in other places larger farmers operate outside of them. Farmers nevertheless prefer WUAs because they are helpful in gaining access to patronage and water. The future of WUAs in the Jordan Valley is going to be constricted by the Jordanian state’s (in)tolerance of them also becoming politicized spaces for claim-making on the state. |
2015
|
Hillel, Noa; Geyer, Stefan; Licha, Tobias; Khayat, Saed; Laronne, Jonathan B.; Siebert, Christian Water quality and discharge of the Lower Jordan River Journal Article In: Journal of Hydrology, vol. 527, pp. 1096-1105, 2015, ISSN: 0022-1694. @article{HILLEL20151096,
title = {Water quality and discharge of the Lower Jordan River},
author = {Noa Hillel and Stefan Geyer and Tobias Licha and Saed Khayat and Jonathan B. Laronne and Christian Siebert},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169415004151},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.002},
issn = {0022-1694},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
volume = {527},
pages = {1096-1105},
abstract = {Summary
The fresh surface water of the Lower Jordan River (LJR) has been limited in the past several decades due to damming of its main tributaries, which reduced the annual flow by 90%, leaving a mixed flow of polluted and saline sources. A monitoring and sampling hydrometric station was installed on the southern LJR to track the temporal variations of its discharge (Q) and hydrochemistry. In addition to manual water sampling, the station includes an automatic water sampler and cellular transmitting pressure and EC sensors, allowing real time observation. All samples were analyzed for major ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Br−) and several samples were analyzed for selected isotopes (34Ssulfate, 18Osulfate, 15Nnitrate, 18Onitrate, 2Hwater, 18Owater) as tracers. A general inverse seasonal trend was found between EC and water level although extreme values relate to flood events during the wet period. High values of EC (up to 40.3mS/cm), high concentration of major ions, and flood events characterized by clockwise EC\textendashQ hysteretic relations likely relate to the dissolution of precipitated salts in the basin. Isotope analyses reveal lithology and sewage as the respective major contributors of salinity; they were used to identify events unrelated to runoff (i.e., to precipitation in the area). The continuous monitoring is an essential tool for understanding long term changes of such a dynamic system but is critical for identifying extreme events occurring rarely and rapidly, possibly having a drastic effect on fauna and flora.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Summary
The fresh surface water of the Lower Jordan River (LJR) has been limited in the past several decades due to damming of its main tributaries, which reduced the annual flow by 90%, leaving a mixed flow of polluted and saline sources. A monitoring and sampling hydrometric station was installed on the southern LJR to track the temporal variations of its discharge (Q) and hydrochemistry. In addition to manual water sampling, the station includes an automatic water sampler and cellular transmitting pressure and EC sensors, allowing real time observation. All samples were analyzed for major ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Br−) and several samples were analyzed for selected isotopes (34Ssulfate, 18Osulfate, 15Nnitrate, 18Onitrate, 2Hwater, 18Owater) as tracers. A general inverse seasonal trend was found between EC and water level although extreme values relate to flood events during the wet period. High values of EC (up to 40.3mS/cm), high concentration of major ions, and flood events characterized by clockwise EC–Q hysteretic relations likely relate to the dissolution of precipitated salts in the basin. Isotope analyses reveal lithology and sewage as the respective major contributors of salinity; they were used to identify events unrelated to runoff (i.e., to precipitation in the area). The continuous monitoring is an essential tool for understanding long term changes of such a dynamic system but is critical for identifying extreme events occurring rarely and rapidly, possibly having a drastic effect on fauna and flora. |
Isbell, Forest; Tilman, David; Polasky, Stephen; Loreau, Michel The biodiversity-dependent ecosystem service debt Journal Article In: Ecology Letters, vol. 18, no. 2, 2015, ISSN: 14610248, (ISBN: 1461-0248). @article{isbell_biodiversity-dependent_2015,
title = {The biodiversity-dependent ecosystem service debt},
author = {Forest Isbell and David Tilman and Stephen Polasky and Michel Loreau},
doi = {10.1111/ele.12393},
issn = {14610248},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
abstract = {Habitat destruction is driving biodiversity loss in remaining ecosystems, and ecosystem function- ing and services often directly depend on biodiversity. Thus, biodiversity loss is likely creating an ecosystem service debt: a gradual loss of biodiversity-dependent benefits that people obtain from remaining fragments of natural ecosystems. Here, we develop an approach for quantifying ecosys- tem service debts, and illustrate its use to estimate how one anthropogenic driver, habitat destruc- tion, could indirectly diminish one ecosystem service, carbon storage, by creating an extinction debt. We estimate that c.2\textendash21 Pg C could be gradually emitted globally in remaining ecosystem fragments because of plant species loss caused by nearby habitat destruction. The wide range for this estimate reflects substantial uncertainties in how many plant species will be lost, how much species loss will impact ecosystem functioning and whether plant species loss will decrease soil car- bon. Our exploratory analysis suggests that biodiversity-dependent ecosystem service debts can be globally substantial, even when locally small, if they occur diffusely across vast areas of remaining ecosystems. There is substantial value in conserving not only the quantity (area), but also the quality (biodiversity) of natural ecosystems for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services.},
note = {ISBN: 1461-0248},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Habitat destruction is driving biodiversity loss in remaining ecosystems, and ecosystem function- ing and services often directly depend on biodiversity. Thus, biodiversity loss is likely creating an ecosystem service debt: a gradual loss of biodiversity-dependent benefits that people obtain from remaining fragments of natural ecosystems. Here, we develop an approach for quantifying ecosys- tem service debts, and illustrate its use to estimate how one anthropogenic driver, habitat destruc- tion, could indirectly diminish one ecosystem service, carbon storage, by creating an extinction debt. We estimate that c.2–21 Pg C could be gradually emitted globally in remaining ecosystem fragments because of plant species loss caused by nearby habitat destruction. The wide range for this estimate reflects substantial uncertainties in how many plant species will be lost, how much species loss will impact ecosystem functioning and whether plant species loss will decrease soil car- bon. Our exploratory analysis suggests that biodiversity-dependent ecosystem service debts can be globally substantial, even when locally small, if they occur diffusely across vast areas of remaining ecosystems. There is substantial value in conserving not only the quantity (area), but also the quality (biodiversity) of natural ecosystems for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services. |
2014
|
Mueller, Matthias H.; Alaoui, Abdallah; Kuells, Christoph; Leistert, Hannes; Meusburger, Katrin; Stumpp, Christine; Weiler, Markus; Alewell, Christine Tracking water pathways in steep hillslopes by δ18O depth profiles of soil water Journal Article In: Journal of Hydrology, vol. 519, no. PA, pp. 340–352, 2014, ISSN: 00221694, (Publisher: Elsevier). @article{Mueller2014a,
title = {Tracking water pathways in steep hillslopes by δ18O depth profiles of soil water},
author = {Matthias H. Mueller and Abdallah Alaoui and Christoph Kuells and Hannes Leistert and Katrin Meusburger and Christine Stumpp and Markus Weiler and Christine Alewell},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169414005484},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.031},
issn = {00221694},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
urldate = {2015-05-31},
journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
volume = {519},
number = {PA},
pages = {340\textendash352},
abstract = {Assessing temporal variations in soil water flow is important, especially at the hillslope scale, to identify mechanisms of runoff and flood generation and pathways for nutrients and pollutants in soils. While surface processes are well considered and parameterized, the assessment of subsurface processes at the hillslope scale is still challenging since measurement of hydrological pathways is connected to high efforts in time, money and personnel work. The latter might not even be possible in alpine environments with harsh winter processes. Soil water stable isotope profiles may offer a time-integrating fingerprint of subsurface water pathways. In this study, we investigated the suitability of soil water stable isotope (δ18O) depth profiles to identify water flow paths along two transects of steep subalpine hillslopes in the Swiss Alps. We applied a one-dimensional advection\textendashdispersion model using δ18O values of precipitation (ranging from −24.7 to −2.9‰) as input data to simulate the δ18O profiles of soil water. The variability of δ18O values with depth within each soil profile and a comparison of the simulated and measured δ18O profiles were used to infer information about subsurface hydrological pathways. The temporal pattern of δ18O in precipitation was found in several profiles, ranging from −14.5 to −4.0‰. This suggests that vertical percolation plays an important role even at slope angles of up to 46°. Lateral subsurface flow and/or mixing of soil water at lower slope angles might occur in deeper soil layers and at sites near a small stream. The difference between several observed and simulated δ18O profiles revealed spatially highly variable infiltration patterns during the snowmelt periods: The δ18O value of snow (−17.7±1.9‰) was absent in several measured δ18O profiles but present in the respective simulated δ18O profiles. This indicated overland flow and/or preferential flow through the soil profile during the melt period. The applied methods proved to be a fast and promising tool to obtain time-integrated information on soil water flow paths at the hillslope scale in steep subalpine slopes.},
note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Assessing temporal variations in soil water flow is important, especially at the hillslope scale, to identify mechanisms of runoff and flood generation and pathways for nutrients and pollutants in soils. While surface processes are well considered and parameterized, the assessment of subsurface processes at the hillslope scale is still challenging since measurement of hydrological pathways is connected to high efforts in time, money and personnel work. The latter might not even be possible in alpine environments with harsh winter processes. Soil water stable isotope profiles may offer a time-integrating fingerprint of subsurface water pathways. In this study, we investigated the suitability of soil water stable isotope (δ18O) depth profiles to identify water flow paths along two transects of steep subalpine hillslopes in the Swiss Alps. We applied a one-dimensional advection–dispersion model using δ18O values of precipitation (ranging from −24.7 to −2.9‰) as input data to simulate the δ18O profiles of soil water. The variability of δ18O values with depth within each soil profile and a comparison of the simulated and measured δ18O profiles were used to infer information about subsurface hydrological pathways. The temporal pattern of δ18O in precipitation was found in several profiles, ranging from −14.5 to −4.0‰. This suggests that vertical percolation plays an important role even at slope angles of up to 46°. Lateral subsurface flow and/or mixing of soil water at lower slope angles might occur in deeper soil layers and at sites near a small stream. The difference between several observed and simulated δ18O profiles revealed spatially highly variable infiltration patterns during the snowmelt periods: The δ18O value of snow (−17.7±1.9‰) was absent in several measured δ18O profiles but present in the respective simulated δ18O profiles. This indicated overland flow and/or preferential flow through the soil profile during the melt period. The applied methods proved to be a fast and promising tool to obtain time-integrated information on soil water flow paths at the hillslope scale in steep subalpine slopes. |
Salman, Abeer; Al-Qinna, Mohammed; Kuisi, Mustafa Al Spatial analysis of soil and shallow groundwater physicochemical parameters in El-Mujib Basin-central Jordan Journal Article In: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 79, pp. 366-381, 2014, ISSN: 1367-9120. @article{SALMAN2014366,
title = {Spatial analysis of soil and shallow groundwater physicochemical parameters in El-Mujib Basin-central Jordan},
author = {Abeer Salman and Mohammed Al-Qinna and Mustafa Al Kuisi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912013005439},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.10.008},
issn = {1367-9120},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
volume = {79},
pages = {366-381},
abstract = {In this study statistical and geostatistical methods were applied to a monitoring data set in order to assess contamination risk in soil and shallow groundwater. The study covered an area within El-Mujib Basin in central Jordan, where the barren land is dominating with a small number of irrigated areas in the vicinity of Wadi El-Mujib and in the northern part of the basin. A total of 77 soil and 104 water samples were collected randomly and analyzed physically, chemically, statistically and spatially using ordinary and indicator kriging techniques. Phosphate, nitrate, organic matter and effective field capacity in the soil system were spatially investigated and correlated to current landuse. Maximum soil maximum nitrate (125.6mg/L), phosphate (9.7mg/L), and organic matter (3%) contents are encountered in the central area at Wadi El-Mujib, Qattrana and Umm Rasas due to the use of fertilizers and existence of solid landfill. The soil has low water holding capacity as it is dominated by coarse texture and therefore subjecting the groundwater for potential risks through the fast soil system. The major cations and anions in the groundwater were mainly concentrated in the Wadi El-Mujib and in the central part of the Basin increases along the groundwater flow direction. Spatial groundwater indicator maps of salinity; nitrate and sulfate contents proves the high susceptibility of the study area to be contaminated. By determining the impacts, more effective (specific to contamination sources) measures for preventing groundwater quality could be implemented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this study statistical and geostatistical methods were applied to a monitoring data set in order to assess contamination risk in soil and shallow groundwater. The study covered an area within El-Mujib Basin in central Jordan, where the barren land is dominating with a small number of irrigated areas in the vicinity of Wadi El-Mujib and in the northern part of the basin. A total of 77 soil and 104 water samples were collected randomly and analyzed physically, chemically, statistically and spatially using ordinary and indicator kriging techniques. Phosphate, nitrate, organic matter and effective field capacity in the soil system were spatially investigated and correlated to current landuse. Maximum soil maximum nitrate (125.6mg/L), phosphate (9.7mg/L), and organic matter (3%) contents are encountered in the central area at Wadi El-Mujib, Qattrana and Umm Rasas due to the use of fertilizers and existence of solid landfill. The soil has low water holding capacity as it is dominated by coarse texture and therefore subjecting the groundwater for potential risks through the fast soil system. The major cations and anions in the groundwater were mainly concentrated in the Wadi El-Mujib and in the central part of the Basin increases along the groundwater flow direction. Spatial groundwater indicator maps of salinity; nitrate and sulfate contents proves the high susceptibility of the study area to be contaminated. By determining the impacts, more effective (specific to contamination sources) measures for preventing groundwater quality could be implemented. |
Külls, Christoph; Nunes, Alice; Köbel-Batista, Melanie; Branquinho, Cristina; Bianconi, Nadja; Costantini, Eduardo Integrated use of soil physical and water isotope methods for ecohydrological characterization of desertified areas Journal Article In: EGU General Assembly 2014, 2014. @article{Kulls2014,
title = {Integrated use of soil physical and water isotope methods for ecohydrological characterization of desertified areas},
author = {Christoph K\"{u}lls and Alice Nunes and Melanie K\"{o}bel-Batista and Cristina Branquinho and Nadja Bianconi and Eduardo Costantini},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1615430K},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2015-05-31},
journal = {EGU General Assembly 2014},
abstract = {Measures for monitoring desertification and soil degradation require a thorough understanding of soil physical properties and of the water balance in order to guide restoration efforts (Costantini et al. 2009). It is hypothesized that long term restoration success on degraded land depends on a series of interacting factors such as exposition, soil type, soil hydrology including lateral flow on hill-slope catenae. Recently, new soil water isotope measurement techniques have been developed (Garvelmann et al. 2012) that provide much faster and reliable stable water isotope profiles in soils. This technique yield information on groundwater recharge, soil water balance and on the origin of water available for plants, which in combination with conservative chemical tracers (chloride) can be validated. A multidisciplinary study including ecologists, soil physicists and hydrologists of the COST Action Desert Restoration Hub was carried out on four semi-arid sites in Portugal. A comparative characterization of soil physical parameters, soil water isotope and chloride profiles was performed in order to estimate pedoclimate, soil aridity, soil water balance and groundwater recharge. In combination with soil physical data a comprehensive and cross-validated characterization of pedoclimate and soil aridity was obtained. These indicators were then integrated and related to plant cover. The long-term rainfall of the four sites ranges from 512 to 638 mm, whereas air temperature is from 15.8 to 17.0°C. The De Martonne index of aridity spans from 19.3 to 24.6, pointing to semiarid to moderately arid climatic conditions. The long-term average number of days when the first 0.50 m of soil is dry ranges from 110 to 134, while the mean annual soil temperature at 0.50 m spans from 15.8 and 19.1°C. The studied profiles show different hydrological characteristics, in particular, the estimated hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.1-1 to 10-100 µm/s. Three out of four profiles show a marked decrease in water permeability at 0.04, 0.20, or 0.40 m depth. Soil isotope profiles indicated that percolation beneath the root zone and groundwater recharge ranges from 21.7 mm/y to 29.7 mm/y. The recharge rate was positively related to mean annual rainfall and soil organic matter, and interestingly, increased with aridity and desertification. The difference between mean annual rainfall and percolation was positively related to plant cover and in inverse proportion to the aridity index. Our results highlight the importance of combining different methods of site characterization by soil physics, soil water isotopes and soil water chemistry (chloride) with vegetation data, providing a more specific analysis of ecohydrological conditions and their relation to ecosystem functioning and recovery potential. The field protocol applied can provide relevant information for guiding restoration strategies. Costantini, E. A. C., Urbano, F., Aramini, G., Barbetti, R., Bellino, F., Bocci, M., \& Tascone, F. (2009). Rationale and methods for compiling an atlas of desertification in Italy. Land Degradation \& Development, 20(3), 261-276. Garvelmann, J., K\"{u}lls, C., \& Weiler, M. (2012). A porewater-based stable isotope approach for the investigation of subsurface hydrological processes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(2), 631-640.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Measures for monitoring desertification and soil degradation require a thorough understanding of soil physical properties and of the water balance in order to guide restoration efforts (Costantini et al. 2009). It is hypothesized that long term restoration success on degraded land depends on a series of interacting factors such as exposition, soil type, soil hydrology including lateral flow on hill-slope catenae. Recently, new soil water isotope measurement techniques have been developed (Garvelmann et al. 2012) that provide much faster and reliable stable water isotope profiles in soils. This technique yield information on groundwater recharge, soil water balance and on the origin of water available for plants, which in combination with conservative chemical tracers (chloride) can be validated. A multidisciplinary study including ecologists, soil physicists and hydrologists of the COST Action Desert Restoration Hub was carried out on four semi-arid sites in Portugal. A comparative characterization of soil physical parameters, soil water isotope and chloride profiles was performed in order to estimate pedoclimate, soil aridity, soil water balance and groundwater recharge. In combination with soil physical data a comprehensive and cross-validated characterization of pedoclimate and soil aridity was obtained. These indicators were then integrated and related to plant cover. The long-term rainfall of the four sites ranges from 512 to 638 mm, whereas air temperature is from 15.8 to 17.0°C. The De Martonne index of aridity spans from 19.3 to 24.6, pointing to semiarid to moderately arid climatic conditions. The long-term average number of days when the first 0.50 m of soil is dry ranges from 110 to 134, while the mean annual soil temperature at 0.50 m spans from 15.8 and 19.1°C. The studied profiles show different hydrological characteristics, in particular, the estimated hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.1-1 to 10-100 µm/s. Three out of four profiles show a marked decrease in water permeability at 0.04, 0.20, or 0.40 m depth. Soil isotope profiles indicated that percolation beneath the root zone and groundwater recharge ranges from 21.7 mm/y to 29.7 mm/y. The recharge rate was positively related to mean annual rainfall and soil organic matter, and interestingly, increased with aridity and desertification. The difference between mean annual rainfall and percolation was positively related to plant cover and in inverse proportion to the aridity index. Our results highlight the importance of combining different methods of site characterization by soil physics, soil water isotopes and soil water chemistry (chloride) with vegetation data, providing a more specific analysis of ecohydrological conditions and their relation to ecosystem functioning and recovery potential. The field protocol applied can provide relevant information for guiding restoration strategies. Costantini, E. A. C., Urbano, F., Aramini, G., Barbetti, R., Bellino, F., Bocci, M., & Tascone, F. (2009). Rationale and methods for compiling an atlas of desertification in Italy. Land Degradation & Development, 20(3), 261-276. Garvelmann, J., Külls, C., & Weiler, M. (2012). A porewater-based stable isotope approach for the investigation of subsurface hydrological processes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(2), 631-640. |
Gaj, Marcel; Beyer, Matthias; Hamutoko, Josefina; Uugulu, Shoopi; Wanke, Heike; Koeniger, Paul; Kuells, Christoph; Lohe, Christoph; Himmelsbach, Thomas How do soil types affect stable isotope ratios of 2H and 18O under evaporation: A Fingerprint of the Niipele subbasin of the Cuvelai - Etosha basin, Namibia. Journal Article In: EGU General Assembly 2014, 2014. @article{Gaj2014,
title = {How do soil types affect stable isotope ratios of 2H and 18O under evaporation: A Fingerprint of the Niipele subbasin of the Cuvelai - Etosha basin, Namibia.},
author = {Marcel Gaj and Matthias Beyer and Josefina Hamutoko and Shoopi Uugulu and Heike Wanke and Paul Koeniger and Christoph Kuells and Christoph Lohe and Thomas Himmelsbach},
url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.5890G},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2015-05-31},
journal = {EGU General Assembly 2014},
abstract = {Northern Namibia is a region with high population growth, limited water resources and a transboundary aquifer system where groundwater recharge and groundwater flow processes are not well understood. This study is an interdisciplinary approach within the frame of SASSCAL (Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management) to improve the understanding of links between hydrological, geochemical and ecological processes to locate areas that contribute to recharge a shallow aquifer system in the Cuvelai-Etosha basin. Results of a field campaign are presented, conducted in November 2013 which is the first of a series planned between the years 2013 and 2016. Soil samples were taken in the semi-arid subbasin of the Cuvelai Etosha surface water basin before the rainy season. Potential evaporation, temperature measurements and infiltration tests were performed at two sites with different soil characteristics. Soil samples were taken under natural conditions to a maximum depth of 4 meters. Additionally to environmental isotope signals (stable isotopes 2H, and 18O and water of known isotopic composition (local groundwater) has been applied to the same plots. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 1 m with an interval of 10 cm after 24 and 48 hours for an investigation of evaporation impact on stable isotope ratios. The soil water is extracted cryogenically from the soil samples in the laboratory and subsequently analyzed using a Picarro L2120-i cavity-ringdown (CRD) water vapor analyzer after vaporization. Results of the direct measurement of different soil types indicate that evaporation from a saturated soil can exceed potential evaporation from an open water surface1. This implies, alternative methods are needed for the determination of evaporation which will be discussed here. 1Brutsaert W.; Parlanget M.B. (1998): Hydrologic cycle explains the evaporation paradox. In: Nature (396), p. 30.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Northern Namibia is a region with high population growth, limited water resources and a transboundary aquifer system where groundwater recharge and groundwater flow processes are not well understood. This study is an interdisciplinary approach within the frame of SASSCAL (Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management) to improve the understanding of links between hydrological, geochemical and ecological processes to locate areas that contribute to recharge a shallow aquifer system in the Cuvelai-Etosha basin. Results of a field campaign are presented, conducted in November 2013 which is the first of a series planned between the years 2013 and 2016. Soil samples were taken in the semi-arid subbasin of the Cuvelai Etosha surface water basin before the rainy season. Potential evaporation, temperature measurements and infiltration tests were performed at two sites with different soil characteristics. Soil samples were taken under natural conditions to a maximum depth of 4 meters. Additionally to environmental isotope signals (stable isotopes 2H, and 18O and water of known isotopic composition (local groundwater) has been applied to the same plots. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 1 m with an interval of 10 cm after 24 and 48 hours for an investigation of evaporation impact on stable isotope ratios. The soil water is extracted cryogenically from the soil samples in the laboratory and subsequently analyzed using a Picarro L2120-i cavity-ringdown (CRD) water vapor analyzer after vaporization. Results of the direct measurement of different soil types indicate that evaporation from a saturated soil can exceed potential evaporation from an open water surface1. This implies, alternative methods are needed for the determination of evaporation which will be discussed here. 1Brutsaert W.; Parlanget M.B. (1998): Hydrologic cycle explains the evaporation paradox. In: Nature (396), p. 30. |
Hamutoko, J. T.; Mapani, B. S.; Ellmies, R.; Bittner, A.; Kuells, C. A fingerprinting method for the identification of uranium sources in alluvial aquifers: An example from the Khan and Swakop Rivers, Namibia Journal Article In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol. 72-75, pp. 34–42, 2014, ISSN: 14747065. @article{Hamutoko2014,
title = {A fingerprinting method for the identification of uranium sources in alluvial aquifers: An example from the Khan and Swakop Rivers, Namibia},
author = {J. T. Hamutoko and B. S. Mapani and R. Ellmies and A. Bittner and C. Kuells},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706514000527},
doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2014.09.006},
issn = {14747065},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2015-05-31},
journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C},
volume = {72-75},
pages = {34\textendash42},
abstract = {A fingerprinting method for identifying sources of uranium in shallow groundwater alluvial aquifers of the Khan and Swakop Rivers was established using 234U/238U ratios and 235U/238U ratios in the areas that drain the Rossing Uranium mine and the Langer Heinrich Uranium mine, in Namibia. In most groundwater aquifers that drain basement granitoids enriched in uranium the contribution of the total uranium in the shallow alluvial aquifers may be significant. Another source of uranium in shallow alluvial aquifers maybe from anthropogenic sources associated with mining activities as is the case in our study area. The distribution of radionuclides in water depend on various factors that influence their solubility and mobility and control their concentration in water such as pH, Eh, O2 and availability of ligands. The study identified a methodology that can fingerprint the two sources i.e., a natural source where 234U/238U ratios are above unity and a second one where this ratio is below unity implying that the source is anthropogenic. In the study area, 234U/238U activity ratio is above unity (1.3\textendash1.7) and 235U/238U is 0.045±0.015 that both identify a natural source for all elevated uranium and other radionuclides in groundwater of the study area. The uranium values in groundwater exceed the WHO guideline value of 15μg/l and it increases in the lowest part of Swakop River; but there is no gradual or systematic change in uranium concentration thus indicating that concentration is related to local factors such as the geology and lithology of the aquifer material, Eh and pH for each borehole. The 238U decay series exhibits disequilibrium due to different fractionation processes that include decaying of radioactive elements and alpha recoiling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A fingerprinting method for identifying sources of uranium in shallow groundwater alluvial aquifers of the Khan and Swakop Rivers was established using 234U/238U ratios and 235U/238U ratios in the areas that drain the Rossing Uranium mine and the Langer Heinrich Uranium mine, in Namibia. In most groundwater aquifers that drain basement granitoids enriched in uranium the contribution of the total uranium in the shallow alluvial aquifers may be significant. Another source of uranium in shallow alluvial aquifers maybe from anthropogenic sources associated with mining activities as is the case in our study area. The distribution of radionuclides in water depend on various factors that influence their solubility and mobility and control their concentration in water such as pH, Eh, O2 and availability of ligands. The study identified a methodology that can fingerprint the two sources i.e., a natural source where 234U/238U ratios are above unity and a second one where this ratio is below unity implying that the source is anthropogenic. In the study area, 234U/238U activity ratio is above unity (1.3–1.7) and 235U/238U is 0.045±0.015 that both identify a natural source for all elevated uranium and other radionuclides in groundwater of the study area. The uranium values in groundwater exceed the WHO guideline value of 15μg/l and it increases in the lowest part of Swakop River; but there is no gradual or systematic change in uranium concentration thus indicating that concentration is related to local factors such as the geology and lithology of the aquifer material, Eh and pH for each borehole. The 238U decay series exhibits disequilibrium due to different fractionation processes that include decaying of radioactive elements and alpha recoiling. |
2013
|
Al-Taani, Ahmed A.; Al-Qudah, Khaldoun A. Investigation of desert subsoil nitrate in Northeastern Badia of Jordan Journal Article In: Science of The Total Environment, vol. 442, pp. 111-115, 2013, ISSN: 0048-9697. @article{ALTAANI2013111,
title = {Investigation of desert subsoil nitrate in Northeastern Badia of Jordan},
author = {Ahmed A. Al-Taani and Khaldoun A. Al-Qudah},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969712013009},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.018},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
volume = {442},
pages = {111-115},
abstract = {High levels of naturally occurring nitrate were observed under desert pavement surfaces in NE Badia of Jordan. The subsoil nitrate inventory varies from about 24,351 to 28,853kgNO3−/ha to a depth of 60cm which is more than two times greater than nitrate in nonpavement soils, although both soils occurred within similar landscape and microclimate conditions. The results indicated that pavement particle size and cover percent are the primary factors contributing to the observed variations in nitrate accumulation. Desert pavement soils fully covered with fine clasts showed higher nitrate concentrations compared to soils moderately covered with coarse-grained pavements. The results also showed that high levels of nitrate were generally reached between 20 and 30cm depth before the concentrations decreased. Chloride showed distribution profiles similar to those of nitrate. No observable difference was observed in nitrate level under desert pavement with abundant lichens compared to non-lichen pavement surface.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
High levels of naturally occurring nitrate were observed under desert pavement surfaces in NE Badia of Jordan. The subsoil nitrate inventory varies from about 24,351 to 28,853kgNO3−/ha to a depth of 60cm which is more than two times greater than nitrate in nonpavement soils, although both soils occurred within similar landscape and microclimate conditions. The results indicated that pavement particle size and cover percent are the primary factors contributing to the observed variations in nitrate accumulation. Desert pavement soils fully covered with fine clasts showed higher nitrate concentrations compared to soils moderately covered with coarse-grained pavements. The results also showed that high levels of nitrate were generally reached between 20 and 30cm depth before the concentrations decreased. Chloride showed distribution profiles similar to those of nitrate. No observable difference was observed in nitrate level under desert pavement with abundant lichens compared to non-lichen pavement surface. |
Da'as, Ammar; Walraevens, Kristine Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater in Jericho area in the Jordan Valley, West Bank, Palestine Journal Article In: Journal of African Earth Sciences, vol. 82, pp. 15–32, 2013, ISSN: 1464-343X. @article{daas_hydrogeochemical_2013,
title = {Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater in Jericho area in the Jordan Valley, West Bank, Palestine},
author = {Ammar Da'as and Kristine Walraevens},
url = {://WOS:000318380900002},
doi = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.01.010},
issn = {1464-343X},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of African Earth Sciences},
volume = {82},
pages = {15\textendash32},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
Baram, S.; Ronen, Z.; Kurtzman, D.; Külls, C.; Dahan, O. Desiccation-crack-induced salinization in deep clay sediment Journal Article In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1533–1545, 2013, ISSN: 10275606 16077938. @article{baram_desiccation-crack-induced_2013,
title = {Desiccation-crack-induced salinization in deep clay sediment},
author = {S. Baram and Z. Ronen and D. Kurtzman and C. K\"{u}lls and O. Dahan},
doi = {10.5194/hess-17-1533-2013},
issn = {10275606 16077938},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {1533\textendash1545},
abstract = {A study on water infiltration and solute transport in a clayey vadose zone underlying a dairy farm waste source was conducted to assess the impact of desiccation cracks on subsurface evaporation and salinization. The study is based on five years of continuous measurements of the temporal variation in the vadose zone water content and on the chemical and isotopic composition of the sediment and pore water in it. The isotopic composition of water stable isotopes (\δ18O and \δ2H) in water and sediment samples, from the area where desiccation crack networks prevail, indicated subsurface evaporation down to ∼ 3.5 m below land surface, and vertical and lateral preferential transport of water, following erratic preferential infiltration events. Chloride (Cl-) concentrations in the vadose zone pore water substantially increased with depth, evidence of deep subsurface evaporation and down flushing of concentrated solutions from the evaporation zones during preferential infiltration events. These observations led to development of a desiccation-crack-induced salinization (DCIS) conceptual model. DCIS suggests that thermally driven convective air flow in the desiccation cracks induces evaporation and salinization in relatively deep sections of the subsurface. This conceptual model supports previous conceptual models on vadose zone and groundwater salinization in fractured rock in arid environments and extends its validity to clayey soils in semi-arid environments. © 2013 Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A study on water infiltration and solute transport in a clayey vadose zone underlying a dairy farm waste source was conducted to assess the impact of desiccation cracks on subsurface evaporation and salinization. The study is based on five years of continuous measurements of the temporal variation in the vadose zone water content and on the chemical and isotopic composition of the sediment and pore water in it. The isotopic composition of water stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in water and sediment samples, from the area where desiccation crack networks prevail, indicated subsurface evaporation down to ∼ 3.5 m below land surface, and vertical and lateral preferential transport of water, following erratic preferential infiltration events. Chloride (Cl-) concentrations in the vadose zone pore water substantially increased with depth, evidence of deep subsurface evaporation and down flushing of concentrated solutions from the evaporation zones during preferential infiltration events. These observations led to development of a desiccation-crack-induced salinization (DCIS) conceptual model. DCIS suggests that thermally driven convective air flow in the desiccation cracks induces evaporation and salinization in relatively deep sections of the subsurface. This conceptual model supports previous conceptual models on vadose zone and groundwater salinization in fractured rock in arid environments and extends its validity to clayey soils in semi-arid environments. © 2013 Author(s). |
Klaus, J.; Zehe, E.; Elsner, M.; Külls, C.; McDonnell, J. J. Macropore flow of old water revisited: Experimental insights from a tile-drained hillslope Journal Article In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 103–118, 2013, ISSN: 10275606 16077938. @article{klaus_macropore_2013,
title = {Macropore flow of old water revisited: Experimental insights from a tile-drained hillslope},
author = {J. Klaus and E. Zehe and M. Elsner and C. K\"{u}lls and J. J. McDonnell},
doi = {10.5194/hess-17-103-2013},
issn = {10275606 16077938},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {103\textendash118},
abstract = {The mechanisms allowing the rapid release of stored water to streams are poorly understood. Here we use a tile-drained field site to combine macroporous soils at the hillslope scale with the advantage of at least partly controlled lower boundary conditions. We performed a series of three irrigation experiments combining hydrometric measurements with stable isotope and bromide tracers to better understand macropore-matrix interactions and stored water release processes at the hillslope scale. Stable isotope concentrations were monitored in the irrigation water, the tile-drain discharge and the soil water before and after the experiment. Bromide was measured every 5-15 min in the tile-drain hydrograph. Different initial conditions for each experiment were used to examine how these influenced flow and transport. Different amounts of irrigation water were necessary to increase tile-drain discharge above the baseflow level. Hydrograph separation based on bromide data revealed that irrigation water contributions to peak tile-drain discharge were on the order of 20%. Oxygen-18 and deuterium data were consistent with the bromide data and showed that pre-event soil water contributed significantly to the tile-drain event flow. However, the isotopic composition of soil water converged towards the isotopic composition of irrigation water through the course of the experiment. Mixing calculations revealed that by the end of the irrigation experiments 20% of the soil water in the entire profile was irrigation water. The isotopic data showed that the pre-event water in the tile drain was mobilized in 20-40 cm soil depth where the macropore-matrix interaction leads to an initiation of macropore flow after a moisture threshold is exceeded. © 2013 Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The mechanisms allowing the rapid release of stored water to streams are poorly understood. Here we use a tile-drained field site to combine macroporous soils at the hillslope scale with the advantage of at least partly controlled lower boundary conditions. We performed a series of three irrigation experiments combining hydrometric measurements with stable isotope and bromide tracers to better understand macropore-matrix interactions and stored water release processes at the hillslope scale. Stable isotope concentrations were monitored in the irrigation water, the tile-drain discharge and the soil water before and after the experiment. Bromide was measured every 5-15 min in the tile-drain hydrograph. Different initial conditions for each experiment were used to examine how these influenced flow and transport. Different amounts of irrigation water were necessary to increase tile-drain discharge above the baseflow level. Hydrograph separation based on bromide data revealed that irrigation water contributions to peak tile-drain discharge were on the order of 20%. Oxygen-18 and deuterium data were consistent with the bromide data and showed that pre-event soil water contributed significantly to the tile-drain event flow. However, the isotopic composition of soil water converged towards the isotopic composition of irrigation water through the course of the experiment. Mixing calculations revealed that by the end of the irrigation experiments 20% of the soil water in the entire profile was irrigation water. The isotopic data showed that the pre-event water in the tile drain was mobilized in 20-40 cm soil depth where the macropore-matrix interaction leads to an initiation of macropore flow after a moisture threshold is exceeded. © 2013 Author(s). |
Dávila, Pablo Fernando; Külls, Christoph; Weiler, Markus A toolkit for groundwater mean residence time interpretation with gaseous tracers Journal Article In: Computers and Geosciences, vol. 61, pp. 116–125, 2013, ISSN: 00983004. @article{Davila2013,
title = {A toolkit for groundwater mean residence time interpretation with gaseous tracers},
author = {Pablo Fernando D\'{a}vila and Christoph K\"{u}lls and Markus Weiler},
issn = {00983004},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Computers and Geosciences},
volume = {61},
pages = {116\textendash125},
abstract = {An analytical Excel-based toolkit called Gas-Tracer-Interpretation (GTI) was developed for determining mean residence time (MRT) of groundwater samples and for validating conceptual model assumptions. This novel data interpretation toolkit improves data handling during analysis and resolves some problems in the interpretation of data from environmental tracers. The toolkit can assist error detection, uncertainty and ambiguity during data analysis, particularly ambiguity due to the decline in atmospheric data of CFC input functions (air-mixing ratios of tracers). The innovative interpretation methodologies are: (1) corrections of environmental tracer data are conducted in concentrations in water instead of air (atmosphere), allowing comparison of different tracer input functions under similar conditions and thereby replacing the use of unique global atmospheric data; (2) a multi-model, multi-tracer approach is adopted to improve the number of different combinations of environmental tracers and lumped-parameter models (piston flow (PM), exponential (EM), exponential-piston flow (EPM), advection-dispersion (DM) and gamma (GM)); and (3) generation of sufficient information for determination of erroneous, unclear and ambiguous outcomes. Results are linked to graphical analysis to improve data view. GTI supports the environmental tracers CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 3H, and also SF5CF3, which is included as it represents a promising environmental tracer in hydrological research. The toolkit compares modeled input functions of tracers and data from samples. The apparent recharge age and MRT are estimated by combining explicit graphical and numerical data presentation. Due to the multi-model approach, it is possible to contrast selected models and estimate the best fit for a given sample, which is particularly useful for validating conceptual model assumptions. The toolkit has been developed in Microsoft ®Excel, and hence is user-friendly such that advanced programming skills or detailed understanding of the calculations and mathematical procedures are unnecessary. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An analytical Excel-based toolkit called Gas-Tracer-Interpretation (GTI) was developed for determining mean residence time (MRT) of groundwater samples and for validating conceptual model assumptions. This novel data interpretation toolkit improves data handling during analysis and resolves some problems in the interpretation of data from environmental tracers. The toolkit can assist error detection, uncertainty and ambiguity during data analysis, particularly ambiguity due to the decline in atmospheric data of CFC input functions (air-mixing ratios of tracers). The innovative interpretation methodologies are: (1) corrections of environmental tracer data are conducted in concentrations in water instead of air (atmosphere), allowing comparison of different tracer input functions under similar conditions and thereby replacing the use of unique global atmospheric data; (2) a multi-model, multi-tracer approach is adopted to improve the number of different combinations of environmental tracers and lumped-parameter models (piston flow (PM), exponential (EM), exponential-piston flow (EPM), advection-dispersion (DM) and gamma (GM)); and (3) generation of sufficient information for determination of erroneous, unclear and ambiguous outcomes. Results are linked to graphical analysis to improve data view. GTI supports the environmental tracers CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 3H, and also SF5CF3, which is included as it represents a promising environmental tracer in hydrological research. The toolkit compares modeled input functions of tracers and data from samples. The apparent recharge age and MRT are estimated by combining explicit graphical and numerical data presentation. Due to the multi-model approach, it is possible to contrast selected models and estimate the best fit for a given sample, which is particularly useful for validating conceptual model assumptions. The toolkit has been developed in Microsoft ®Excel, and hence is user-friendly such that advanced programming skills or detailed understanding of the calculations and mathematical procedures are unnecessary. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. |
2012
|
Comair, G. F.; McKinney, D. C.; Siegel, D. Hydrology of the Jordan River Basin: Watershed Delineation, Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Journal Article In: Water Resources Management, vol. 26, pp. 4281–4293, 2012, ISSN: 0920-4741. @article{comair_hydrology_2012,
title = {Hydrology of the Jordan River Basin: Watershed Delineation, Precipitation and Evapotranspiration},
author = {G. F. Comair and D. C. McKinney and D. Siegel},
url = {//wos:625054706},
doi = {10.1007/s11269-012-0144-8},
issn = {0920-4741},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Water Resources Management},
volume = {26},
pages = {4281\textendash4293},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
Baram, S.; Kurtzman, D.; Dahan, O. Water percolation through a clayey vadose zone Journal Article In: Journal of Hydrology, vol. 424-425, 2012, ISSN: 00221694, (ISBN: 0022-1694). @article{baram_water_2012,
title = {Water percolation through a clayey vadose zone},
author = {S. Baram and D. Kurtzman and O. Dahan},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.040},
issn = {00221694},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
volume = {424-425},
abstract = {Heavy clay soils are regarded as less permeable due to their low saturated hydraulic conductivities, and are perceived as safe for the construction of unlined or soil-lined waste lagoons. Water percolation dynamics through a smectite-dominated clayey vadose zone underlying a dairy waste lagoon, waste channel and their margins was investigated using three independent vadose-zone monitoring systems. The monitoring systems, hosting 22 TDR sensors, were used for continuous measurements of the temporal variation in vadose zone water-content profiles. Results from 4years of continuous measurements showed quick rises in sediment water content following rain events and temporal wastewater overflows. The percolation pattern indicated dominance of preferential flow through a desiccation-crack network crossing the entire clay sediment layer (depth of 12m). High water-propagation velocities (0.4-23.6mh
-1) were observed, indicating that the desiccation-crack network remains open and serves as a preferential flow pathway year-round, even at high sediment water content (???0.50m
3m
-3). The natural formation of desiccation-crack networks at the margins of waste lagoons induces rapid infiltration of raw waste to deep sections of the vadose zone, bypassing the sediment's most biogeochemically active parts, and jeopardizing groundwater quality. ?? 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {ISBN: 0022-1694},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heavy clay soils are regarded as less permeable due to their low saturated hydraulic conductivities, and are perceived as safe for the construction of unlined or soil-lined waste lagoons. Water percolation dynamics through a smectite-dominated clayey vadose zone underlying a dairy waste lagoon, waste channel and their margins was investigated using three independent vadose-zone monitoring systems. The monitoring systems, hosting 22 TDR sensors, were used for continuous measurements of the temporal variation in vadose zone water-content profiles. Results from 4years of continuous measurements showed quick rises in sediment water content following rain events and temporal wastewater overflows. The percolation pattern indicated dominance of preferential flow through a desiccation-crack network crossing the entire clay sediment layer (depth of 12m). High water-propagation velocities (0.4-23.6mh
-1) were observed, indicating that the desiccation-crack network remains open and serves as a preferential flow pathway year-round, even at high sediment water content (???0.50m
3m
-3). The natural formation of desiccation-crack networks at the margins of waste lagoons induces rapid infiltration of raw waste to deep sections of the vadose zone, bypassing the sediment's most biogeochemically active parts, and jeopardizing groundwater quality. ?? 2012 Elsevier B.V. |
Stavi, I Journal of Environmental Planning and The potential use of biochar in reclaiming degraded rangelands Journal Article In: J. Env. Planning and Management, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 657–665, 2012. @article{Stavi2012,
title = {Journal of Environmental Planning and The potential use of biochar in reclaiming degraded rangelands},
author = {I Stavi},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2011.620333},
doi = {10.1080/09640568.2011.620333},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {J. Env. Planning and Management},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {657\textendash665},
abstract = {Many of the world’s rangelands are degraded due to either natural or anthro- pogenic causes. One of the main indicators of the degradation process is the depletion of the organic carbon stocks in the soil. The organic carbon plays a crucial role in supporting the soil microbial community, maintaining the soil structure formation and stability, and retaining water and nutrients in the uppermost soil layers. Biochar, the by-product of the pyrolysis technology for bio-energy production, has been proven to have the capability to efficiently maintain soil quality and increase vegetative production. At the same time, the inert nature of the biochar enables the long-term sequestration of carbon in soil. To date, the application of biochar has been examined almost exclusively in arable lands, but not yet in rangelands. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of this topic in order to encourage research and development in this field. Progress in knowledge and understanding on this matter could contribute to the reclamation of degraded rangelands. At the same time, it would potentially increase their capacity for long-term sequestration of carbon to a rate of between 0.69 and 10.7 Pg. Large-scale implementation of this practice in the future should be funded through central authorities, based on payments for improvement in ecosystem services.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Many of the world’s rangelands are degraded due to either natural or anthro- pogenic causes. One of the main indicators of the degradation process is the depletion of the organic carbon stocks in the soil. The organic carbon plays a crucial role in supporting the soil microbial community, maintaining the soil structure formation and stability, and retaining water and nutrients in the uppermost soil layers. Biochar, the by-product of the pyrolysis technology for bio-energy production, has been proven to have the capability to efficiently maintain soil quality and increase vegetative production. At the same time, the inert nature of the biochar enables the long-term sequestration of carbon in soil. To date, the application of biochar has been examined almost exclusively in arable lands, but not yet in rangelands. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of this topic in order to encourage research and development in this field. Progress in knowledge and understanding on this matter could contribute to the reclamation of degraded rangelands. At the same time, it would potentially increase their capacity for long-term sequestration of carbon to a rate of between 0.69 and 10.7 Pg. Large-scale implementation of this practice in the future should be funded through central authorities, based on payments for improvement in ecosystem services. |
Qarabesah, R.; Ruddell, B.; Tan, L. A. Anthropogenic Impact on Water Resources in the West Bank/Palestine: A Case from Wadi Fara's Stream-Nablus Area (vol 7, pg 241, 2006) Journal Article In: Environmental Forensics, vol. 13, pp. 284–284, 2012, ISSN: 1527-5922. @article{qarabesah_anthropogenic_2012,
title = {Anthropogenic Impact on Water Resources in the West Bank/Palestine: A Case from Wadi Fara's Stream-Nablus Area (vol 7, pg 241, 2006)},
author = {R. Qarabesah and B. Ruddell and L. A. Tan},
doi = {10.1080/15275922.2012.697835},
issn = {1527-5922},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Forensics},
volume = {13},
pages = {284\textendash284},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
Mimi, Ziad A.; Mahmoud, Nidal; Madi, Maher Abu Modified DRASTIC assessment for intrinsic vulnerability mapping of karst aquifers: a case study Journal Article In: Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 66, pp. 447–456, 2012, ISSN: 1866-6280. @article{mimi_modified_2012,
title = {Modified DRASTIC assessment for intrinsic vulnerability mapping of karst aquifers: a case study},
author = {Ziad A. Mimi and Nidal Mahmoud and Maher Abu Madi},
doi = {10.1007/s12665-011-1252-0},
issn = {1866-6280},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
volume = {66},
pages = {447\textendash456},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
Hallaq, Akram Hassan Al; Elaish, Basheer Sofyan Abu Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to contamination in Khanyounis Governorate, Gaza Strip-Palestine, using the DRASTIC model within GIS environment Journal Article In: Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 5, pp. 833–847, 2012, ISSN: 1866-7511. @article{al_hallaq_assessment_2012,
title = {Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to contamination in Khanyounis Governorate, Gaza Strip-Palestine, using the DRASTIC model within GIS environment},
author = {Akram Hassan Al Hallaq and Basheer Sofyan Abu Elaish},
url = {//wos:801722008},
doi = {10.1007/s12517-011-0284-9},
issn = {1866-7511},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Arabian Journal of Geosciences},
volume = {5},
pages = {833\textendash847},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
Marie, Amer; Khayat, Saed; Dajani, Muna Water quality legislation in Palestine over the past century Journal Article In: Environmental Sciences Europe, vol. 24, pp. 15–Article No.: 15, 2012, ISSN: 2190-4715; 2190-4715. @article{marie_water_2012,
title = {Water quality legislation in Palestine over the past century},
author = {Amer Marie and Saed Khayat and Muna Dajani},
doi = {10.1186/2190-4715-24-15},
issn = {2190-4715; 2190-4715},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Sciences Europe},
volume = {24},
pages = {15\textendashArticle No.: 15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
Garvelmann, J.; Külls, C.; Weiler, M. A porewater-based stable isotope approach for the investigation of subsurface hydrological processes Journal Article In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 631–640, 2012, ISSN: 10275606. @article{Garvelmann2012a,
title = {A porewater-based stable isotope approach for the investigation of subsurface hydrological processes},
author = {J. Garvelmann and C. K\"{u}lls and M. Weiler},
issn = {10275606},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {631\textendash640},
abstract = {Predicting and understanding subsurface flowpaths is still a crucial issue in hydrological research. We present an experimental approach to reveal present and past subsurface flowpaths of water in the unsaturated and saturated zone. Two hillslopes in a humid mountainous catchment have been investigated. The H2O(liquid) H2O(vapor) equilibration laser spectroscopy method was used to obtain high resolution δ2H vertical depth profiles of pore water at various points along two fall lines of a pasture hillslope in the southern Black Forest, Germany. The Porewater-based Stable Isotope Profile (PSIP) approach was developed to use the integrated information of several vertical depth profiles of deuterium along transects at the hillslope. Different shapes of depth profiles were observed in relation to hillslope position. The statistical variability (inter-quartile range and standard deviation) of each profile was used to characterize different types of depth profiles. The profiles upslope or with a weak affinity for saturation as indicated by a low topographic wetness index preserve the isotopic input signal by precipitation with a distinct seasonal variability. These observations indicate mainly vertical movement of soil water in the upper part of the hillslope before sampling. The profiles downslope or at locations with a strong affinity for saturation do not show a similar seasonal isotopic signal. The input signal is erased in the foothills and a large proportion of pore water samples are close to the isotopic values of δ2H in streamwater during base flow conditions indicating the importance of the groundwater component in the catchment. Near the stream indications for efficient mixing of water from lateral subsurface flow paths with vertical percolation are found.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Predicting and understanding subsurface flowpaths is still a crucial issue in hydrological research. We present an experimental approach to reveal present and past subsurface flowpaths of water in the unsaturated and saturated zone. Two hillslopes in a humid mountainous catchment have been investigated. The H2O(liquid) H2O(vapor) equilibration laser spectroscopy method was used to obtain high resolution δ2H vertical depth profiles of pore water at various points along two fall lines of a pasture hillslope in the southern Black Forest, Germany. The Porewater-based Stable Isotope Profile (PSIP) approach was developed to use the integrated information of several vertical depth profiles of deuterium along transects at the hillslope. Different shapes of depth profiles were observed in relation to hillslope position. The statistical variability (inter-quartile range and standard deviation) of each profile was used to characterize different types of depth profiles. The profiles upslope or with a weak affinity for saturation as indicated by a low topographic wetness index preserve the isotopic input signal by precipitation with a distinct seasonal variability. These observations indicate mainly vertical movement of soil water in the upper part of the hillslope before sampling. The profiles downslope or at locations with a strong affinity for saturation do not show a similar seasonal isotopic signal. The input signal is erased in the foothills and a large proportion of pore water samples are close to the isotopic values of δ2H in streamwater during base flow conditions indicating the importance of the groundwater component in the catchment. Near the stream indications for efficient mixing of water from lateral subsurface flow paths with vertical percolation are found. |
2011
|
Grodek, T.; Lange, J.; Lekach, J.; Husary, S. Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities Journal Article In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 953–966, 2011, ISSN: 1027-5606. @article{grodek_urban_2011,
title = {Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities},
author = {T. Grodek and J. Lange and J. Lekach and S. Husary},
url = {//wos:1227591188},
doi = {10.5194/hess-15-953-2011},
issn = {1027-5606},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {15},
pages = {953\textendash966},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|